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Diabetes专家观点:2014糖尿病重大治疗突破的回顾

2015-01-21 angletears 译 MedSci原创

总结刚刚过去的2014,不难发现,关于糖尿病的治疗策略有许多重要的突破。作为Journal of Diabetes的编辑,Zachary博士和我的团队一直在努力呈现最新的糖尿病治疗和研究进展。Zachary博士说:“关于糖尿病的治疗,我们一直在努力寻找既能有效的控制血糖,又不增加传统治疗带来的高胰岛素血症、低血糖症及体重增加风险的治疗方法。”目前,在2型糖尿病治疗上,我们首选二甲双胍,而不是磺脲类

总结刚刚过去的2014,不难发现,关于糖尿病的治疗策略有许多重要的突破。作为Journal of Diabetes的编辑,Zachary博士和我的团队一直在努力呈现最新的糖尿病治疗和研究进展。


Zachary博士说:“关于糖尿病的治疗,我们一直在努力寻找既能有效的控制血糖,又不增加传统治疗带来的高胰岛素血症、低血糖症及体重增加风险的治疗方法。”

目前,在2型糖尿病治疗上,我们首选二甲双胍,而不是磺脲类,这主要与磺脲类药物一些副作用有关,也可能与磺脲类药物能够加重心血管疾病的危害有关。另外,一些新型药物也是不错的选择:SGLT2抑制剂、DPP-4抑制剂、GLP-1受体激动剂及a-糖苷酶抑制剂。研究证明,a-糖苷酶抑制剂可能是一种未充分利用的药物,它的药效很可能与增强肠促胰素介导的机制有关。此外,推荐T2DM患者加用基础胰岛素,不仅可以有效的控制血糖,也降低了低血糖和体重增加的风险。
Zachary博士认为,对于临床医师而言,在临床治疗中,要充分考虑病人的个体差异性,为每一位患者“量身定做”适合自己的治疗方案。

例如,以GLP-1为基础的药物,在减轻体重和降低血糖方面效果显著,因其葡萄糖依赖性的促胰岛素分泌作用,并不引起高胰岛素血症的风险;但是,需要注意的是,此类药物,有显著的胃肠道副作用,有些病人完全不能耐受此类药物。

此外,对合并肾功能不全的病人, 我们必须谨慎选择SGLT2抑制剂,因其可能增加加重肾脏疾病进展的风险,所以此药应慎用于肾小球滤过率<60 ml/min的患者。另外,SGLT2抑制剂也可以特异性地缓解早期肾病患者的高滤过状态,这虽然早在动物实验中得以证实,但是,很快在临床试验中也得以印证。

然而,到底什么才是“个体化治疗”呢?对于合并心血管疾病的糖尿病病人仍然要求其HbA1c<7%,而无糖尿病并发症的患者就不必要求HbA1c<7%,这些观点合适吗?那么,高龄的、经济条件差、频繁出现低血糖的患者,那些没有治疗动力的患者,他们的血糖控制目标又该如何判定呢?

我们应该仔细思量,不应该为不要求其血糖控制达标而找这么多借口。为每一个患者选择更好的治疗方案,将有助于降低低血糖、体重增加的风险。因此,新的个体化治疗概念,应该是努力使更多的患者HbA1c<7%。

Zachary博士说:“激发患者的治疗动力,助其克服血糖控制上的障碍,将是医疗服务者的责任。我们应该告诉我们的患者,他们需要选择适合自己的药物,并向其讲解药物的优势,告知其如何调整药物,才能更好的控制血糖。”

大量的研究证明,糖尿病的治疗是一个长期的问题,从某种意义上说,我们被基于他汀类药物的治疗概念所误导了,虽然合并心血管疾病的患者在降脂治疗中受益匪浅。我们应该头脑清楚,虽然对于一小部分患者来说降脂治疗有潜在的治疗效果。但是,对大多数2型糖尿病患者来说,降糖治疗仍是主线,血糖控制良好,将使患者在疾病进展中受益更多。

原始出处:

Zachary T Bloomgarden MD, MACE. 2014 Top Stories in Diabetes: Treatment Approaches for Diabetes. Published in Diabetes Expert Opinion / Commentary • January 07, 2015


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    2015-04-11 x35042875

    AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性

    0

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近日,来自耶鲁大学的研究人员通过研究表示,尽管糖尿病疗法可以挽救很多人的生命,但是在那些患多种疾病的老年患者中,利用胰岛素和磺脲类药物过度控制血糖或许会引发患者治疗过度及低血糖症,相关研究刊登于国际著名杂志JAMA Internal Medicine上。 文章中,研究者发现,许多老年的糖尿病患者不管其机体的健康状况和血糖水平如何,往往会接受过度的疗法来治疗疾病;在65岁及以上的老年糖尿病患者中,

翁建平教授谈:从全国调查报告看糖尿病指南与临床实践的差距

众所周知,制定指南的根本目的是为了更好地指导临床实践工作。但是,在临床实践工作中,临床医生对指南的认知度及遵从性是什么情况呢?在11月5—8日召开的中华医学会糖尿病学分会第十八次全国学术会议上,中华医学会糖尿病学分会主任委员、中山大学附属第三医院内分泌科翁建平教授作了题为“中国2型糖尿病诊疗指南与临床实践的差距:全国调查报告”的演讲,并对其调查结果进行了详细解读。 从2003年起,中华医

BMJ:1型糖尿病强化治疗可降低死亡风险(DCCT研究)

研究人员进行了长期随访的DCCT研究(The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial),研究纳入1441例1型糖尿病患者(年龄在13至39.1之间),711例患者接受强化治疗(Intensive treatment),以在安全的情况下把血糖水平控制在接近非糖尿病范围为目标;730例患者接受常规治疗,以避免症状性低血糖和高血糖为目标。在最初的试验结束后平均6

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