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美国执业护士不断增长 或可解决基层医生短缺问题

2018-06-14 凌武娟(编译) 健康界

Health Affairs近日发布的一项研究称,面临医生短缺,基层医疗机构正在通过招募更多执业护士来填补缺口,并且这一招还很有效。用执业护士填补基层医生缺口美国医学院协会(AAMC)估计,到2030年,美国医生短缺数量将达10.5万人。在基层医疗,这一数字可能达到4.3万人。与此同时,根据美国人口普查局的数据,从现在到2030年,美国人口预计每年将增长约230万人。面对医生短缺,特别是基层医生短

Health Affairs近日发布的一项研究称,面临医生短缺,基层医疗机构正在通过招募更多执业护士来填补缺口,并且这一招还很有效。

用执业护士填补基层医生缺口

美国医学院协会(AAMC)估计,到2030年,美国医生短缺数量将达10.5万人。在基层医疗,这一数字可能达到4.3万人。与此同时,根据美国人口普查局的数据,从现在到2030年,美国人口预计每年将增长约230万人。

面对医生短缺,特别是基层医生短缺问题,其实早在21世纪初,AAMC就开始鼓励高等医学院校招生,这一举措确实让医学院数量和报考人数都有所提升。同时AAMC还注重跨专业团队合作,让护士和医师助理发挥更大作用。

Health Affairs的研究指出,美国执业护士的人数在不断增长,2016年美国偏远地区执业护士在所有医护人员中占比25.2%,相比于2008年的17.6%,增长了43.2%。

乔治·华盛顿大学卫生人力研究所(Health Workforce Institute)主任爱德华·萨尔斯伯格(Edward Salsberg)认为,这种团队合作方式有助于解决医师短缺问题。他表示,“通过医疗服务创新和修改执业范围法规,更有效地利用劳动人口,有助于民众增加获得医疗服务的机会,提高医疗服务的质量,并限制医疗成本的增长。”

加强执业护士培训是解决基层诊疗问题的关键

执业护士只有接受教育,才能进行各种初级、诊断、开处方和体检等工作。然而,各州执业范围法律历来禁止他们从事此类医疗实践,除非他们与监督医师达成协议。但目前,美国有22个州,加上哥伦比亚特区和关岛,具有绝对权力使用执业护士。其中许多州近年来也放宽了执业护士医疗实践的范围。这也是美国执业护士数量增长的主要原因。

Health Affairs研究指出,执业护士中87%受过初级医疗教育。该研究作者也认为,“决策者可以通过继续投资于执业护士教育和培训,以及对使用执业护士的医疗机构进行直接补偿,进一步鼓励这种增长趋势。”

同时,研究者们也力推《平价医疗法案》的研究生护士教育项目,该项目为5家培训基层执业护士的医院报销费用。对使用执业护士的医疗机构进行直接补偿,也可以激励医疗机构让执业护士发挥最大作用。这两项策略均可让包括患者在内的各利益相关者受益。

AANP主席乔伊斯·克内斯特里克(Joyce Knestrick)说,“在增加患者接受初级、急症和专科护理的机会方面,使用执业护士是最重要的影响因素之一,尤其是在医疗服务需求量大,而医生仍集中在市区和富裕区的情况下。这也使执业护士迅速成为美国城乡民众初级医疗服务的‘香饽饽’。”

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    2019-05-11 维他命
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    2018-06-16 liuxiaona
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    2018-06-14 易水河

    难道干医生的事情不会违法?

    0

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    2018-06-14 医者仁心5538

    学习如何改善国内环境

    0

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    2018-06-14 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-06-14 183****7028

    学习

    0

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