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Stem Cells Int:用外泌体修补“破碎”的心脏

2017-12-11 土豆 “外泌体之家”微信号

干细胞移植治疗是一种很有前景的修复损伤心脏组织并使其再生的辅助手段;然而,由于缺血心脏中移植细胞的存活不佳,一般仅能观察到心脏功能的适度改善。因此,对于可以帮助减轻心脏损伤的新疗法亟待出现。最近的研究已经证明干细胞释放的外泌体可以作为心脏修复的潜在的无细胞治疗剂。曾经一度被认为仅仅是一种细胞废物的外泌体或细胞外纳米粒子已被证明在包括短距离和长距离的细胞间通讯在内的生理功能中起着至关重要的作用。

干细胞移植治疗是一种很有前景的修复损伤心脏组织并使其再生的辅助手段;然而,由于缺血心脏中移植细胞的存活不佳,一般仅能观察到心脏功能的适度改善。因此,对于可以帮助减轻心脏损伤的新疗法亟待出现。最近的研究已经证明干细胞释放的外泌体可以作为心脏修复的潜在的无细胞治疗剂。曾经一度被认为仅仅是一种细胞废物的外泌体或细胞外纳米粒子已被证明在包括短距离和长距离的细胞间通讯在内的生理功能中起着至关重要的作用。

近日,来自俄亥俄州立大学Wexner医学中心的研究人员概述了一些研究,这些研究证实了外泌体在改善心脏功能、减轻心脏纤维化、刺激血管生成和调节miRNA表达方面有潜在作用。此外,外泌体携带重要的miRNA和蛋白质货物,可以作为心肌梗塞后心血管疾病的诊断标志物并发挥重要作用。虽然有临床前研究的证据表明,干细胞释放的外泌体可以作为心肌修复的潜在无细胞治疗剂,但目前将外泌体完全用作心脏修复治疗剂之前还是有很多核心问题需要解决。


图:从干细胞分离的外泌体的心脏修复治疗效果

已经发现外泌体exosomes在心脏修复中起关键作用。这些纳米粒子可以通过miRNA直接调控基因表达,将信息传递给靶细胞。图中列出的外泌体是被发现在从各种细胞系分离的表达上调的外泌体,并且这些外泌体具有心脏保护作用。已有研究显示在急性心肌梗塞(AMI)后施用于小鼠来源对间充质干细胞(MSCs)、心脏祖细胞(CPCs)、胚胎干细胞(ESC)和心肌源性细胞(CDCs)的外泌体可增强心脏功能、血管生成、减弱细胞凋亡和纤维化。

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    2018-02-24 维他命
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