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腹痛、腹泻、黄疸?除了胰腺癌,还有可能是它

2022-08-21 风湿闰月说 风湿闰月说

警惕自身免疫性胰腺炎。

腹痛、腹泻、肝酶异常和黄疸......一种罕见而奇特的自身免疫性疾病:自身免疫性胰腺炎,常常被误认为胰腺癌。

这是一种什么病?该如何鉴别及诊断出自身免疫性胰腺炎?

01什么是自身免疫性胰腺炎?

自1995年医学界首次提出自身免疫性胰腺炎(autoimmune pancreatitis , AIP)的概念以来,本病在世界范围内被广泛报道,AIP属于特殊的慢性的胰腺炎。

但由于肿块型的AIP与胰腺癌类似,且两者预后大相径庭,故如何鉴别及诊断出自身免疫性胰腺炎是十分重要的。

目前将自身免疫性胰腺炎分为两类,1型AIP(又称淋巴细胞浆细胞硬化性胰腺炎/IgG4相关性胰腺炎)和2型AIP(又称特发性导管性中心性胰腺炎)。我国以1型AIP占AIP中的大多数,患者年龄以60-70岁多见,男性多于女性。

02自身免疫性胰腺炎有何临床表现?

两类不同的AIP主要表临床现有所不同,1型AIP由于常合并IgG4相关性硬化性胆管炎,常以黄疸为主要表现就诊;而2型AIP由于形成了胰腺肿块或引起胰管狭窄,部分会诱发急性胰腺炎的发生。

在疾病进展时,炎症损伤胰腺内分泌功能,导致糖尿病的发生;严重者可伴有胰腺外分泌功能不全,表现为腹痛、腹泻、严重的营养不良等。

同时,1型AIP为IgG4相关性系统性疾病,有半数患者可见胰腺外器官受累,这也是重要的临床表现之一。

03自身免疫性胰腺炎需做哪些检查?

实验室检查方面,IgG4作为1型AIP相关的血清标志物,对于AIP的诊断具有重要作用,IgG4用于鉴别AIP和慢性胰腺炎、胰腺癌时显示出了较高的准确性;

由于形成胰腺肿块与胰腺癌难以鉴别,肿瘤标志物中的CA199一定程度可用于鉴别两种疾病,对于有胰腺肿块的患者,CA199为必查项目。

影像学检查常用CT、MRI进行筛查,如在MRI上本病与胰腺癌不同,自身免疫性胰腺炎门静脉期或延迟期的均匀性强化,而胰腺癌多为持续性或进行性的强化,且信号低于胰腺实质,联合其他MRI序列的表现可进一步鉴别两种疾病。

04自身免疫性胰腺炎如何治疗?

激素是治疗的首选药物,大多数指南推荐强的松从 40 mg 或 0.6 mg/kg 开始诱导缓解,症状较轻或合并糖尿病可酌情减为 30 mg 或 0.5 mg/kg。

2周后复查血清标志物及影像学检查,后续评估病情逐步减量激素,部分因存在禁忌症不能使用激素的患者,可考虑使用利妥昔单抗做为初始治疗药物。

另外,也有采用如硫唑嘌呤等其他免疫抑制剂进行治疗,但都需合并激素使用诱导缓解后以单药维持治疗。

本病大部分患者无需手术治疗,但仍有少部分由于病灶周围纤维化明显,药物无法发挥作用,对于这类患者可以考虑手术治疗以改善病情。

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    2023-07-04 坐井观天下 来自海南省

    自身免疫

    0

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    2023-04-07 2809 来自山西省

    IgG4相关性疾病

    0

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    2021-11-10 楚秀娟

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