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Stroke:预防剂量低分子肝素不是静脉溶栓的禁忌症

2019-07-06 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

发病4.5h 内阿替普酶静脉溶栓(Intravenous thrombolysis,IVT)是急性缺血性卒中的有效治疗方案。由于禁忌症,很多患者仍然无法 IVT。卒中发作24h 内使用了低分子肝素(low molecular weight heparins,LMWH)是一项安全相关禁忌症。

 发病4.5h 内阿替普酶静脉溶栓(Intravenous thrombolysis,IVT)是急性缺血性卒中的有效治疗方案。由于禁忌症,很多患者仍然无法 IVT。卒中发作24h 内使用了低分子肝素(low molecular weight heparins,LMWH)是一项安全相关禁忌症。2015年 AHA 急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南认为 LMWH 是 IVT 的禁忌症,不管其剂量如何。但是,2018年 AHA 指南对此进行了更新,认为预防剂量 LMWH 不应该作为 IVT 的禁忌症。不过,该项更新的证据并不清楚。低剂量 LMWH 常用于预防深静脉血栓形成。他们通常不会延长 aPTT,在预防血栓时指南也不建议检测抗-Xa因子以评价 LMWH 的活性。使用 LMWH 期间IVT 的数据非常匮乏,很少有 off-label 使用 LMWH 卒中患者被纳入到研究中。最大数量的报道为来自于西班牙2012年的报道,共报道了21例使用 LMWH 的卒中患者进行了 IVT,他们发现 LMWH 增加了症状性脑出血和死亡的风险。不过,该研究未区分 LMWH 的剂量,如预防剂量还是治疗剂量。

2019年5月来自瑞典的Charith Cooray等在 Stroke 上发布了他们的研究结果,目的在于探讨卒中发作时使用预防剂量 LMWH 患者 IVT 的安全性。

研究者分析了2003年1月到2017年12月间纳入 SITS-ISTR 登记研究的109291例IVT 患者,并且发病时未口服抗凝剂或未使用治疗剂量肝素。其中1411(1.3%)例患者发病时正在使用预防剂量 LMWH 预防深静脉血栓形成。预后指标包括症状性脑出血,脑实质血肿,7天和3个月内死亡,以及3个月功能依赖。

使用 LMWH 者更老,卒中更加严重,更多患者存在卒中前残疾,合并症更多(vs 未使用 LMWH 者)。在预防性 LMWH 组,未显著增加症状性脑出血,按照 SITS-MOST 标准 aOR = 1.02 [95% CI, 0.48–2.17],按照 ECASS II 标准 aOR, 0.95 [0.59–1.53];也未增加7天内死亡率(aOR, 1.14 [0.82–1.59])。 LMWH 组3个月死亡率和功能依赖更高,aOR 分别为1.94 [1.49–2.53]和1.44 (1.10–1.90)。倾向得分分析匹配患者基线特征发现除了3个月死亡率以外,其他预后指标的组间差异消失。

最终作者认为对于接受预防剂量 LMWH 的急性缺血性卒中患者,IVT 与症状性脑出血或早期死亡风险增加无关。

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Jul 07 05:09:06 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-11 ms5000001906902679

    低分子肝素种类盒剂量各不同

    0

  2. 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    2020-05-22 fusion
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Jul 07 05:09:06 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-24 jyzxjiangqin

    预防剂量低分子肝素。

    0

  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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  7. 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Jul 07 05:09:06 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-08 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

  8. 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Jul 07 05:09:06 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-08 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

  9. 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Jul 07 05:09:06 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-07 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

  10. 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