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胰岛素应该如何计算用量?

2016-08-17 佚名 杏树林文献

导语正常人的空腹血糖维持在3.3~6.1mmol/L(60~110mg/dl),餐后半小时到1小时之间一般在10.0mmol/L(180mg/dl)以下,最多也不超过11.1mmol/L(200 mg/dl),餐后2小时又回到7.8mmol/L(140mg/dl)。糖尿病患者的怎样计算胰岛素用量    一、怎样估算其初始用量:  糖尿病患者在开始使用胰岛素治疗时,一律采用短效胰岛素。而且,一定在饮


正常人的空腹血糖维持在3.3~6.1mmol/L(60~110mg/dl),餐后半小时到1小时之间一般在10.0mmol/L(180mg/dl)以下,最多也不超过11.1mmol/L(200 mg/dl),餐后2小时又回到7.8mmol/L(140mg/dl)。

糖尿病患者的怎样计算胰岛素用量  

一、怎样估算其初始用量:

糖尿病患者在开始使用胰岛素治疗时,一律采用短效胰岛素。而且,一定在饮食与运动相对稳定的基础上,依下列方法估算初始用量,而后再依病情监测结果调整。

①按空腹血糖估算:

每日胰岛素用量(μ)=[空腹血糖(mg/dl)-100]x10x体重(公斤)x0.6÷1000÷2100为血糖正常值;

x10换算每升体液中高于正常血糖量;

x 0.6是全身体液量为60%;

÷1000是将血糖mg换算为克;

÷2是2克血糖使用1μ胰岛素。

为避免低血糖,实际用其1/2--1/3量。

②按24小时尿糖估算:病情轻,无糖尿病肾病,肾糖阈正常者,按每2克尿糖给1μ胰岛素。

③按体重计算:血糖高,病情重,0.5--0.8μ/kg;病情轻,0.4--0.5μ/kg;病情重,应激状态,不应超过1.0μ/kg。

④按4次尿糖估算:无糖尿病肾病,肾糖阈基本正常,按每餐前尿糖定性"+"多少估算。一般一个"+"需4μ胰岛素。

⑤综合估算:体内影响胰岛素作用的因素较多,个体差异较大,上述计算未必符合实际,故应综合病情、血糖与尿糖情况,先给一定的安全量,然后依病情变化逐步调整。

二、怎样分配胰岛素用量

按上述估算的情况,每日三餐前15--30分钟注射,以早餐前>晚餐前>午餐前的用量来分配。由于早餐前体内拮抗胰岛素的激素分泌较多,故胰岛素用量宜大一些;而一般短效胰岛素作用高峰时间2--4小时,因此午餐前用量最小;多数病人睡前不再用胰岛素,至次日晨再用,故晚餐前又比午餐前要用量大。如睡前还用一次,则晚餐前要减少,而睡前的用量更少,以防夜间低血糖

三、怎样调整胰岛素剂量

在初始估算用量观察2--3天后,根据病情、血糖、尿糖来进一步调节用量。

1、据4次尿糖定性调整:只适用于无条件测血糖且肾糖阈正常的病人。依据前3--4天的4次尿糖定性进行调整:早餐前胰岛素用量依据午餐前尿糖,午餐前胰岛素用量依据晚餐前尿糖,晚餐前胰岛素用量依据睡前或次日晨尿(包括当天晨尿)。

2、根据血糖调整:糖尿病人,尤其是I型糖尿病及肾糖阈不正常的病人,应根据三餐前与睡前的血糖值来调整胰岛素用量,详见下表:

餐前活动量增加减1--2μ或加餐 加餐前活动量减少加1--2μ

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createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108293, encodeId=0106108293f4, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 12:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108285, encodeId=0f0d108285d0, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 11:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102552, encodeId=db9310255230, content=不错,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=646689478, createdName=keson, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102056, encodeId=5a7d102056b4, content=知道了,了解了一些知识。l, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Aug 21 18:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99714, encodeId=d36399e1477, content=学习了。不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99051663751, createdName=mandy4573, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99702, encodeId=9d2799e02e0, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], 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    2017-04-05 baoya
  2. 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    2016-09-20 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

  3. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Aug 21 18:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99714, encodeId=d36399e1477, content=学习了。不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99051663751, createdName=mandy4573, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99702, encodeId=9d2799e02e0, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-12 舒心和人

    这只是一个简单的参考范围,不能一成不变,降糖治疗强调的是个体化治疗

    0

  4. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 11:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102552, encodeId=db9310255230, content=不错,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=646689478, createdName=keson, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102056, encodeId=5a7d102056b4, content=知道了,了解了一些知识。l, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Aug 21 18:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99714, encodeId=d36399e1477, content=学习了。不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99051663751, createdName=mandy4573, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99702, encodeId=9d2799e02e0, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-02 1771ae4158m

    学习了,好

    0

  5. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-31 李东泽

    这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。

    0

  6. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-31 李东泽

    这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。

    0

  7. 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createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/23/ac01daf0962458a9eb8c0b1e2f6ce5bc.jpg, createdBy=04b81710322, createdName=1771ae4158m, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108293, encodeId=0106108293f4, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 12:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=108285, encodeId=0f0d108285d0, content=这篇咨询不错哦,值得学习,对于临床工作和科研思路都很有帮助。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Wed Aug 31 11:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102552, encodeId=db9310255230, content=不错,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=646689478, createdName=keson, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102056, encodeId=5a7d102056b4, content=知道了,了解了一些知识。l, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Aug 21 18:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99714, encodeId=d36399e1477, content=学习了。不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99051663751, createdName=mandy4573, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99702, encodeId=9d2799e02e0, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-23 keson

    不错,谢谢分享

    0

  8. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLPeNmuNF9ibgMfMOAs7Iic5MpiaU8RLmRH67xCKuk5wzfhb7G4ib7ia6z9lrnsTicj1nAUfEOMecZDtvvu/0, createdBy=d7f91939785, createdName=186****0580(小山羊), createdTime=Sun Aug 21 18:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99714, encodeId=d36399e1477, content=学习了。不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99051663751, createdName=mandy4573, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=99702, encodeId=9d2799e02e0, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-21 186****0580(小山羊)

    知道了,了解了一些知识。l

    0

  9. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Wed Aug 17 14:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-17 mandy4573

    学习了。不错

    0

  10. 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    2016-08-17 136****0753赵

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