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Cell Stem Cell:挑战常规!神经干细胞能够控制自己的命运

2016-08-23 佚名 生物谷

迄今为止,人们一直认为干细胞分化依赖于它们所在的环境。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自瑞士巴塞尔大学的一个研究团队首次描述了海马体神经干细胞通过蛋白Drosha调节它们自己的细胞命运的机制。相关研究结果于2016年8月18日在线发表在Cell Stem Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Multipotency of Adult Hippocampal NSCs In Vivo Is Restricte


迄今为止,人们一直认为干细胞分化依赖于它们所在的环境。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自瑞士巴塞尔大学的一个研究团队首次描述了海马体神经干细胞通过蛋白Drosha调节它们自己的细胞命运的机制。相关研究结果于2016年8月18日在线发表在Cell Stem Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Multipotency of Adult Hippocampal NSCs In Vivo Is Restricted by Drosha/NFIB”。

干细胞是未分化的细胞,有潜力分化为很多细胞类型。然而,成体干细胞产生的这些细胞类型通常局限于它们所在器官中的那些细胞。当前的观点提出干细胞分化是它们的局部环境---也就是所谓的微环境---所控制着的。因此,干细胞接受和理解它们的微环境中存在的特异性因子,而这些因子指导它们分化为特定的受到限制的细胞类型。

在成年大脑中,海马体负责储存特定类型的记忆。作为大脑中的一个区域,海马体也会受到痴呆症、抑郁症和癫痫等疾病的影响。海马体的功能依赖于不同的细胞类型,它们中的一些在一生当中是由神经干细胞产生的。人们通常接受的观点是神经干细胞产生三种不同的细胞类型:神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。然而,成年海马体并不产生少突胶质细胞,其中的原因到现在仍是未知的。

内在的细胞机制

在这项新的研究中,来自巴塞尔大学生物医学系的Verdon Taylor教授和他的团队如今发现成年海马体神经干细胞的命运不仅由它们的局部微环境所控制,而且也由一种细胞内在性的机制所控制。他们的研究描述了酶Drosha在这种机制中发挥着至关重要的作用。Drosha让成年海马体神经干细胞中的NFIB mRNA发生降解,阻止这种分化为少突胶质细胞所必需的转录因子表达,因而阻断它们的发育和让这些神经干细胞偏好地分化为神经元。

研究人员能够首次证实一种细胞内在性机制调节神经干细胞命运。Taylor说,“我们的关于Drosha功能的研究结果挑战了我们通常思考干细胞如何受到控制的方式。”如今,他的团队想要研究神经干细胞是否和如何能够调节Drosha的活性以便满足需求。

原始出处

Chiara Rolando4, Andrea Erni4, Alice Grison, Robert Beattie, Anna Engler, Paul J. Gokhale, Marta Milo, Thomas Wegleiter, Sebastian Jessberger, Verdon Taylor.Multipotency of Adult Hippocampal NSCs In Vivo Is Restricted by Drosha/NFIB.Cell Stem Cell.2016

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    2017-06-11 维他命
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    2016-08-24 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

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