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JBJS:股骨颈移位骨折全髋置换优于内固定治疗

2014-05-08 wd1989 丁香园

直到过去十年,对于股骨颈移位移位骨折的最佳治疗方式仍然存在争议。目前前瞻性随机对照实验对内固定物与全髋置换进行比较的研究结果发现,短期内非骨水泥半髋置换较内固定治疗在术后功能恢复上并无明显优势。而骨水泥型全髋置换术与内固定物治疗比较则有较多优势,包括术后一到两年内患者功能恢复更快、疼痛更少以及营养状态更好。但是随着时间的推移,全髋置换术产生的无菌性假体松动、后期股骨头反复脱位以及假体周围骨折则成为

直到过去十年,对于股骨颈移位移位骨折的最佳治疗方式仍然存在争议。目前前瞻性随机对照实验对内固定物与全髋置换进行比较的研究结果发现,短期内非骨水泥半髋置换较内固定治疗在术后功能恢复上并无明显优势。

而骨水泥型全髋置换术与内固定物治疗比较则有较多优势,包括术后一到两年内患者功能恢复更快、疼痛更少以及营养状态更好。但是随着时间的推移,全髋置换术产生的无菌性假体松动、后期股骨头反复脱位以及假体周围骨折则成为临床难题。早期的研究都只关注于患者术后一到两年的并发症,而鲜有对全髋置换和内固定物的长期并发症进行研究报道。

近日,瑞典学者就全髋置换术和内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的患者进行了长期随访研究,发现治疗移位性股骨颈骨折时,在长期功能效果上全髋置换较内固定有更多的优势,相关文章刊登在JBJS杂志上。

研究者将1994年至1998年,143名患者(146例髋部骨折)纳入实验研究。随机分为两组78例患者行内固定物治疗,68例患者予人工全髋关节置换术。患者平均年龄84(年龄跨度:74~101岁),其中38%的患者伴有不同程度的认知障碍。

研究显示内固定物治疗组术后并发症包括:早期骨折再移位、骨折不愈合以及深部感染等。而在人工全髋关节置换术组存在假体松动、股骨头脱位、假体周围骨折以及感染等并发症。其中认知正常的患者在内固定物治疗组和人工全髋关节置换中的手术失败率分别为55%和5%。而存在认知障碍的患者在两个对比组中手术失败率相仿,约16%。

该研究先前的报道显示人工全髋关节置换较内固定物治疗在患者术后功能恢复、疼痛减轻以及社会经济效益的的优势都局限于术后两年内,而该研究对患者随访时间长达十五年,客观回答了两者长期功能预后是否相似的问题。

早先文献报道,Ravikumav等人采用前瞻性随机对照实验对滑动加压钢板、无骨水泥半髋置换以及骨水泥全髋关节置换进行研究,发现术后13年内翻修率分别为33%、24%以及6.75%。也有Leonardsson等人进行研究证实在治疗股骨颈移位骨折,内固定物失败率与本实验一致,而基于使用假体种类的不同,全髋关节置换的并发症8.8%率高于本实验的5.5%。

尽管实验研究的设计方式不同,而实验结果基本类似。从术后长期并发症研究显示,在股骨颈骨折移位骨折中,人工全髋关节置换术优于内固定物治疗。但本实验也存在不足之处:1、本实验中患者手术由不同的外科医生进行,存在不同的差异。2、本研究局限于75岁以上患者,年轻患者存在不同并发症发生率。后期仍需要更多大样本的临床研究对此问题进行更进一步的阐述。

原始出处:

Johansson T.Internal fixation compared with total hip replacement for displaced femoral neck fractures: a minimum fifteen-year follow-up study of a previously reported randomized trial.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Mar 19;96(6):e46. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.00244.


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    2015-02-20 yxch48
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    2014-05-10 qingrejiedu

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