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J Immunother Cancer:去甲基化药物地西他滨克服癌症患者对免疫治疗产生的耐受作用

2022-08-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

继手术,放疗和化疗之后,肿瘤的免疫疗法已经成为广为接受的一种肿瘤治疗新方法,利用抗肿瘤免疫系统来靶向肿瘤组织,杀死癌细胞或抑制癌细胞的扩增和转移。当其他治疗手段失败时,免疫治疗在一些患者中仍然可以挽救

继手术,放疗和化疗之后,肿瘤的免疫疗法已经成为广为接受的一种肿瘤治疗新方法,利用抗肿瘤免疫系统来靶向肿瘤组织,杀死癌细胞或抑制癌细胞的扩增和转移。当其他治疗手段失败时,免疫治疗在一些患者中仍然可以挽救生命。然而,目前的治疗并不能使所有患者都受益,某些肿瘤患者对免疫治疗可能具有天然的抵抗力,也可能逐渐对免疫治疗产生耐受性。

最近,英国伦敦大学医院癌症研究所的一项I/II期临床试验研究发现,地西他滨(guadecitabine SGI-110)作为下一代DNA去甲基化药物(next-generation DNA hypomethylating agent)与免疫治疗PD-1抗体药物-帕博利珠单抗(pembrolizumab, Keytruda)联合使用,能够逆转癌症患者对免疫治疗的耐受和抵抗作用。医生们发现这种治疗会使在各种治疗方案无效后,预期死亡的患者的存活寿命要延长很多。这项I期临床试验的早期结果显示,pembrolizumab和地西他滨的联合治疗阻止了三分之一以上试验治疗患者的癌症进展,患者包括:肺癌乳腺癌,前列腺癌和肠癌,医生认为这种双重组合疗法可能成为对抗几种类型癌症的有效新疗法。

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Pembrolizumab作为一种免疫检查点抑制剂药物,已证明可以有效的治疗一系列癌症,包括肺癌和皮肤癌等。然而,治疗过程中肿瘤可以对它产生耐药性,使得在开始治疗时获益的一些患者,最终产生耐药性,进而病情加重。临床试验结果表明地西他滨可能有助于克服这种耐药性,对于肺癌患者视乎更为有益。

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    这项使用pembrolizumab和地西他滨联合治疗的总共有34名癌症患者,对其中30名患者的肿瘤进行了免疫反应和肿瘤生长的分析。在三年的临床试验时间里,患者从接受首剂pembrolizumab开始,每三周接受一个疗程的地西他滨治疗,连续四天。30名患者中37%的肿瘤进展得到控制至少24周或更长时间。在实验治疗之前,60%的患者对免疫疗法存在抵抗力。39%接受联合药物治疗的患者无副作用发生,显示联合治疗药物反应和副作用在患者中是可以耐受的。这次试验治疗也确定了下一步II期临床试验的联合治疗方案:每3周为一个周期,地西他滨30mg/m2,第1-4天,pembrolizumab 200mg,第1天。

    主持这项临床研究的医生Anna Minchom说:“在过去十年里,癌症的免疫治疗显现出惊人的前景,但并不是在所有癌症中都是有效的,治疗过程中许多癌症患者往往对免疫治疗产生耐受。现在的这种治疗组合,可能是克服免疫耐受的一种途径,即使免疫治疗无效的某些患者也会从中重新获益”。

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一个非小细胞肺腺癌患者:PD-L1 >50%,EGFR野生型, ALK 基因重组阴性。先前接受pembrolizumab治疗12个月,后续接受carboplatin and pemetrexed化疗,而后病情进展; 患者接受pembrolizumab加地西他滨联合治疗后部分缓解,肿瘤缩小−38%,持续110周. 上部分:治疗反应时间线;下部分: CT胸部断层扫描显示左上叶肿瘤(蓝色箭头)的反应,从基线到第19周期,肿瘤负担减少38%

原始出处:

Phase 1, dose-escalation study of guadecitabine (SGI-110) in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer  2022 Jun;10(6)

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    2023-02-27 showtest 来自上海

    #甲基化#药物地西他滨克服癌症患者对免疫治疗产生的耐受作用

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    2022-08-28 循证小兵
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