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IBD: 炎症性肠病患者营养不良的患病率和危险因素分析

2022-01-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

营养不良是一个描述健康状况的用语,由不适当或不足饮食所造成。通常指的是起因于摄入不足、吸收不良或过度损耗营养素所造成的营养不足,但也可能包含由于暴饮暴食或过度的摄入特定的营养素而造成的营养过剩。

营养不良在炎症性肠病(IBD)患者中很普遍,营养不良往往在IBD诊断时就已存在,并与住院次数增加、疾病预后恶化和死亡率升高有关。营养不良在IBD患者中的发病率很高,从10%到50%不等。虽然指南推荐对IBD患者进行营养不良筛查,但这并不是常规做法,特别是在亚洲,因为IBD在过去十年中才出现。迄今为止,在亚洲的IBD患者中,很少对营养不良的发生率、与营养不良相关的特征以及营养支持的使用情况进行调查。因此,目前的研究旨在调查中国三级转诊医院的IBD患者的营养不良和营养支持的使用情况。

在这项横断面研究中,研究人员对从43家三级转诊医院招募的溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 和克罗恩病 (CD) 患者进行了营养不良和营养缺乏症筛查。主要记录了患者的营养支持的使用情况,然后通过主观问卷评估社会心理状况。最后研究人员分析了与营养不良相关的因素,并使用多元回归确定营养不良的独立预测因子。

 

本项研究共招募了1013名患者,中位年龄为35.0岁,其中 58.5% 患有CD,所有患者中 61.4%为男性。总体而言,49.5% (501) 的患者被诊断为营养不良,其中包括57.0%的CD患者、38.8% 的UC患者和 44.1% 的静止或轻度活动性疾病患者。尽管没有营养不良,但营养缺乏仍然很普遍。营养不良与不良社会心理状况相关,包括社会支持减少、压力感知增加和生活质量受损。中度至重度疾病活动和广泛疾病是营养不良的两个独立危险因素。总共有41.6%的患者接受了营养支持,而有危险因素的患者更有可能接受营养支持。

图:营养不良会导致生活质量受损

 

本项研究证实营养不良在中国 IBD 患者中非常普遍,并与不良后果相关。营养不良筛查和早期营养支持是 IBD 护理的重要组成部分。

原始出处:

Jing Liu. Et al. Prevalence of Malnutrition, Its Risk Factors, and the Use of Nutrition Support in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2021.

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    2022-01-11 bnurmamat
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