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影响医学英语理解及翻译的四大因素

2011-04-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

西方医学是先进医学的代表,中国大量不断吸收外国医学的精髓,为中国医学的发展注入了新的活力,这一切离不开医学英语的翻译。近年来随着国际学术交流的日益增多,医学英语已经越来越受到重视。对于医科院校的学生来说,掌握医学专业方面的英语知识有助于其专业的发展和能力的提高。然而,医学英语作为一种特殊的科技文体有着自身的特点,其结构严谨、逻辑严密、措辞精确、术语准确,由于涉及医学领域的知识,医学英语的词汇量不仅

西方医学是先进医学的代表,中国大量不断吸收外国医学的精髓,为中国医学的发展注入了新的活力,这一切离不开医学英语的翻译。近年来随着国际学术交流的日益增多,医学英语已经越来越受到重视。对于医科院校的学生来说,掌握医学专业方面的英语知识有助于其专业的发展和能力的提高。然而,医学英语作为一种特殊的科技文体有着自身的特点,其结构严谨、逻辑严密、措辞精确、术语准确,由于涉及医学领域的知识,医学英语的词汇量不仅很大,而且单词也是既冗长、又晦涩难懂,不便记忆,加上其句子多用长句和从句,使句型结构显得复杂而难以辨别,这些因素对医学英语的翻译都会产生不小的影响。因此,在学习医学英语的过程中,要正确理解和翻译所阅读的医学文献,一方面需要掌握基本的翻译理论和技巧,另一方面必须了解医学英语词、句的基本特点和具备相关的医学背景知识。具体来说,医学英语的词义、词性、语序、句型结构和常用语态等都是影响医学英语理解与翻译的主要因素。

  医学英语的翻译标准

  翻译是按社会认知需要、在具有不同规则的符号系统之间所作的信息传递过程,[1]是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而又完整地再现出来的语言活动。医学英语的翻译同样脱离不了翻译的这一本质,因此其翻译标准也同其他翻译实践一样应坚持忠实和通顺的原则,即一切医学英语译文都应包含原文的思想内容,表达上要准确、完整、科学和规范,译文不得有生硬晦涩、结构混乱以及文理不同的现象。

   

  医学英语翻译中词汇的特点及处理方法

  医学英语词汇的特点是具有很强的专业性,词的意义严格受到所搭配的词和语境的限制,因此,在对医学英语进行翻译的过程中,必须根据语境和词语之间搭配情况,对词义和词法做出相应的转变和处理,使译文文字通顺、得体、规范。

  1.词义的转变医学英语中词汇的意义已被固定化和专业化了,不能按照普通英语词汇所具有的意义去理解,否则就会出错。如:”The cells responsible for immune specificity belong to a class of white blood cells known as lymphocytes.”其中,形容词”Responsible”在普通英语词汇的解释应是“负责的、有责任的”的,如果原句译为:“淋巴细胞是白细胞中的一类,对特异性免疫负责。”从医学的角度看是文理不通的。在医学免疫这一特殊领域中,“responsible”特指“(介导/产生)应答的”。因此,该句应翻译成:“淋巴细胞是白细胞中的一类,介导特异性免疫应答。

  2.词义的引申有些词汇在医学专业英语的文体中很难按字典所给的意思进行解释,如果直接照其愿义翻译,则译出的文字不仅生硬晦涩、文理不通,而且甚至是词不达意。因此,在翻译这样的词汇时有必要根据语境和上下文的逻辑关系对词义进行引申,具体说来,引申主要是对词义抽象化和具体化的引申。

(1)抽象化引申。指将原文中具体、实在的词义笼统化和概括化。例如:

  “It is as important for the surgical pathologists  to know the limitations  of his  specialty  as  it is for him  to be  aware  of  its strength and potential contributions.”

  “strength”和“contribution”原意是指“力气、力量”、“贡献”,在这里若按原意翻译,就会使行文不通,表达错误。因而也要对着两个词进行抽象化处理,根据上下问和与所搭配词之间的关系,将其引申为“实力”和“作用”,使译文通畅、规范;“对外科病理医生来说,深知其专业的实力及潜在的作用,同深知其专业局限性一样是至关重要的。”

  (2)具体化引申。指将原文中抽象、笼统的词义,根据语境向具体化和明确化引申。如:’We will examine pedigree charts of autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive pattern of heredity.”

  划线部分的两个词,其具体意义为“占统治地位的、显著的”、“后退的、倒退的”,在基因遗传里,当与“染色体”搭配时,他们的意义被具体化了,引申为“染色体显性”和“染色体隐性”。还有像“TLymphocytesmakecell- mediatedimmuneresponses.”“response”的意义为“反应”,在医学免疫的专业领域里,它已被具体化引申,特指“应答”,即:“T细胞介导细胞免疫应答。”

  3.词性的转换由于英汉在词法和语言结构上的差异,使得两种语言中意思相同或接近的两个词,词性却不一定是相同的。英语多用名词的特点同样也体现在了医学英语的表达中。因此,医学英语的翻译中为了正确、通畅地传递原文内容,有时需要将词性进行转换。如:“More dangerous to mankind is a pathologist with the same concept.”划线处的名词性短语在翻译是需转换成动词,否则就会译成:“对人类造成更多危害的是拥有相同想法的病理医生。”显然,这种表达是不符合汉语的表达习惯的。应该译为:“病理学家有想同的想法,那就会对人类造成更大危害。”

  在医学英语汉译过程中不可能确保每个英语单词都有一个词义和词性均与之对应的汉语,因而对词性进行必要的转换是确保译文通畅、准确的一个重要手段。

  医学英语句型结构特点对翻译的影响

  医学英语属于科技文体,主要表达医学科技的事实与概念,传递交流基础和临床医学的信息,[2]要求结构严谨、逻辑严密、用词精确,表达准确,又由于医学文章以叙事推理为重,强调客观性,因而,医学英语句型结构表现出了多用长句、从句和被动句的形式特点。大量从句和被动句的使用使得医学英语的句子意义往往不能仅从其外形结构做出判断,从句中连词、关系词的连接、指代关系以及被动句中主语与谓语之间的表达方式都成为了影响医学英语翻译的重要因素。

 长句、难句对翻译的影响及处理

  医学英语的思想内容决定了其表现形式无法被简单的句子结构所容纳,必须借助长句、从句,有时甚至是较多的从句嵌套才能完成意义的构建。句子结构的复杂性给翻译理解带来了较多的障碍和困难,因为译者不仅要看懂句子的外形结构,还要能理解其深层结构的逻辑关系,才能准确地把握语义。如:“According to the clonal selection theory,  each animal first   randomly  generates  a vast diversity  of lymphocytes,    and then those cells that react against the foreign antigens that the ani- mal actually encounters are specifically selected for action。”分析此句,难点在第二句话上。句中出现了两个定语,而这两个定语是嵌套关系,因此首先需要理清楚它们各自所修饰的中心名词,然后确定句子的主语与谓语,最后调整语序,使语言表达符合汉语医学行文的表达习惯。按照这个步骤,第一个”that”从句修饰的是”cell”意为:“与外源性抗原物质发生反反映的细胞”;而第而个”that”从句修饰的是”foreign antigens”指“动物所遇到的外源性抗原物质”;句子主干为“这些细胞被特别选来激活。”根据这一基本意义,重新调整语序,理清词、句之间的关系,该句译为:“根据克隆选择学说,每个动物体内能随机产生大量的具有不同特异性的淋巴细胞克隆,动物所遇到的外源性抗原物质高度选择性地激活其中一些细胞。”

  ually found free in solution,  where some of them form a pool of intermediates from which large polymers called macromolecules are made.”

  分析:翻译此句时若照被动句结构译为“他们通常被发现是游离形式,其中一些形成了中间体,由此被称为大分子的大的聚合物被产生。”显然,句子表达是既不规范也不符合汉语思维习惯。为了客观、准确地描述该句的意义,应将被动句译成主动句,并增加适当的词语完善表达,译为:“他们以游离的形式存在,其中一些形成中间体,由此产生叫做大分子的大的聚合物。”则更贴切、自然。

  鉴于医学英语的特殊性,其被动结构往往需要通过增词或换词的方式,用主动语态进行翻译,所译出的文字表达才能即准确,又合理、自然。

  结束语

  医学英语作为一种科技文体,其遣词造句、语法结构等有着自身的特点和规律,语言文字的表达也具有较强的专业性,因而医学英语的翻译难度较普通英语大得多,译者不仅需要拥有扎实的英语基础知识,还要具备相关的医学背景知识。对于医科院校的学生来说,他们已具备了一定水平的医学知识,而受影响的主要是没能掌握好医学英语的语言特点。因此,本文仅从医学英语的词、句特点入手,就这两方面对翻译造成的影响进行了分析,并提出了相应的处理方法。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-27 digna

    That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well.

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-01-23 liyuxia

    不错!学习!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-11-22 wuyan2012

    确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-10-18 qqtang1984228

    非常好

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-06-04 chinadongrui

    bucuo

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-04-25 zlp1975

    其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37324, encodeId=e6423e32495, content=That's really shrwed! Good to see the logic set out so well., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=digna, createdTime=Sun Sep 27 06:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7060, encodeId=b1c5e06008, content=不错!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=873494523, createdName=liyuxia, createdTime=Thu Jan 23 23:03:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5071, encodeId=1cc650e110, content=确实讲的很对,我觉得自己平时阅读文献阻碍我读懂的是这些地方,以后我要好好的仔细的翻译这些句子才行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d2072381, createdName=wuyan2012, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 21:52:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4829, encodeId=ad7d482983, content=非常好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=29a067592, createdName=qqtang1984228, createdTime=Thu Oct 18 14:21:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4354, encodeId=e8254354e7, content=bucuo, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e50862410, createdName=chinadongrui, createdTime=Mon Jun 04 20:57:00 CST 2012, time=2012-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4231, encodeId=9651423138, content=其实,翻译的难点在于把中文的句子准确翻译成英文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e4560692, createdName=zlp1975, createdTime=Wed Apr 25 01:43:00 CST 2012, time=2012-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1478999, encodeId=15d714e89999f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Apr 04 14:11:00 CST 2011, time=2011-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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