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Nat Cell Biol:普林斯顿大学发现了一种可以帮助癌症扩散到骨骼的相互作用

2019-05-28 佚名 生物通

普林斯顿大学的研究人员发现了一个促进癌症向骨骼扩散的因素,这为治疗癌症开辟了道路,未来人们可以借此减少癌症在骨骼中的定植能力。

普林斯顿大学的研究人员发现了一个促进癌症向骨骼扩散的因素,这为治疗癌症开辟了道路,未来人们可以借此减少癌症在骨骼中的定植能力。



这一研究成果公布在4月15日的《Nature Cell Biology》杂志上,文章的通讯作者是普林斯顿分子生物学系康毅滨教授,他表示:“大多数人类癌症都是上皮细胞癌”, 癌从一个单一的突变细胞发展成一个肿瘤。原位肿瘤可能直接破坏宿主器官的功能,并间接影响身体的其他部分。然而,最危险的是当癌症发生转移,也就是说,扩散到其它遥远的组织或器官。例如,乳腺癌通常转移到肺、肝、脑和骨。肿瘤发生转移的患者遭受更大的系统性破坏,并且不太可能成功治愈。大多数癌症死亡发生在转移之后,所以了解什么信号控制或促进这个过程是很重要的。

“上皮细胞通常不能运动,但癌细胞会经历一个叫做上皮间充质转变(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)的过程,从而变得更具迁移性并逃离原发肿瘤,”康教授解释说。一旦它们到达远处的器官,它们就必须经过相反的过程,即间充质-上皮转变(MET),以恢复到上皮状态,开始增殖并形成转移群落。

虽然关于EMT已经有了深入系统的研究,但是驱动MET的信号仍然基本未知。一些科学家认为,MET是由癌细胞表面蛋白质与相应配体或受体之间的相互作用触发的,这些配体或受体也存在于被转移癌细胞侵袭的正常组织原有的细胞上。普林斯顿大学的研究人员在研究导致癌症转移和骨骼MET信号时,注意到了一种叫做E-选择素(E-selectin)的粘附分子。

E-选择素存在于遍布全身的毛细血管的细胞上,通过给予免疫细胞一些依附物,它有助于在炎症期间从血液中招募免疫细胞。长期以来,人们一直怀疑,在转移过程中,E-选择素可能以类似的方式促进癌细胞向二级器官的“移民”,然而,还没有发现这方面的证据。事实上,缺失E-选择素的小鼠发生肺转移的几率并没有减少。这可能部分由于E-选择素的分布;这项新研究发现E-选择素在骨血管中的表达比其他组织包括肺和肝高很多,他们观察到缺失E-选择素的小鼠比正常动物更不容易发生骨转移。重要的是,骨骼血管中的E-选择素已被证实是支持造血干细胞的骨骼血管微环境中起作用的一个重要分子。

“我们的研究表明,这种干细胞微环境被转移癌细胞所劫持,因此E-选择素可以在癌细胞生长的早期阶段培育癌细胞,”康教授实验室的博士后研究员、论文一作Mark Esposito说。

康教授补充道:“我们在这项研究中发现,当肿瘤细胞与骨血管E-选择素结合时,它们会经历MET,同时通过提高Wnt信号通路以增强其癌干细胞特性并促进新的肿瘤生长。”

骨E-选择素如何刺激癌细胞的这些反应?“E-选择素结合需要通过一个酶蛋白家族催化的独特的糖修饰对其配体进行特殊的修饰。”E-选择素与这种特殊修饰的癌细胞蛋白的结合是刺激MET并支持癌细胞生长的原因。这种配体的性质目前还不清楚,需要进一步研究。

不管其身份如何,已经很清楚的是这种配体会强烈影响癌症的结局。对人类乳腺癌患者人群的分析表明,糖修饰蛋白的高表达与转移性复发的可能性更大。此外,研究人员还发现了作为骨转移的预后标志的Glg1蛋白,他们认为Glg1可能有助于配体的成熟或表面表达。这些发现提出了一个诱人的可能性:干扰配体与E-选择素相互作用的能力也许能减少骨转移。

为了研究这个问题,课题组使用了一种叫做Uproleselan的药物,该药物是糖的类似化合物,可以阻止E-选择素的结合。用Uproleselan进行的实验表明,它能显著减少骨转移,并且对注射的小鼠提供生存优势。

康教授说:“尽管在临床上还没有进行试验,但在小鼠实验表明,这种拟糖化合物有助于减少骨转移。”

原始出处:Esposito M, Mondal N, Greco TM, et al. Bone Vascular Niche E-selectin Induces Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition and Wnt Activation in Cancer Cells to Promote Bone Metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 2019 May;21(5):627-639. 

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    2019-10-18 维他命
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1909281, encodeId=e4d41909281b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8039e2512e8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#相互作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72512, encryptionId=8039e2512e8, topicName=相互作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f73a255, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Mon Jun 24 20:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767661, encodeId=a9611e67661b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 01:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961584, encodeId=3eaf19615843e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Oct 18 08:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871301, encodeId=886618e13016b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 23:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948334, encodeId=14fe194833406, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=387ae13627c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症扩散#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71362, encryptionId=387ae13627c, topicName=癌症扩散)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 02:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883713, encodeId=1b771883e131f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Sep 25 21:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1918721, encodeId=60531918e21ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Tue Dec 24 16:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471633, encodeId=d41014e163329, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0132410554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#互作#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24105, encryptionId=c0132410554, topicName=互作)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dc87121468, createdName=ylz8405, createdTime=Wed May 29 15:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2019-09-25 liye789132251
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    2019-05-29 ylz8405

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