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Science:创建人脑“入口”,解析唐氏综合征对大脑的影响

2018-10-17 浮苏 生物探索

研究以“In vivo modeling of human neuron dynamics and Down syndrome”为题发表在《Science》杂志。


DOI:10.1126/science.aau1810

研究以“In vivo modeling of human neuron dynamics and Down syndrome”为题发表在《Science》杂志。

尽管来自唐氏综合征患者的脑细胞之间形成的一些连接更加稳定和丰富,但是它们以一种稍不协调的方式进行通信。这提示,在唐氏综合征中,脑细胞之间形成连接的协调活动减少和稳定性增加或与认知功能有关。

体内双光子显微镜技术实时监察脑细胞

这项研究的重要突破在于解析了脑细胞交流的细节。脑细胞之间的连接通常是痴呆和帕金森症等疾病发生中首个受损的地方,发生于脑细胞自身开始死亡之前很久,然而这些细胞之间的连接非常微小,且没有任何类型的扫描工具比如核磁共振成像(MRI)或正电子放射断层造影术(PET)可以观察到它们。研究人员使用了一种革命性的显微镜技术——体内双光子显微镜(in vivo 2-photon microscopy),该技术不仅可以看到单个活脑细胞,还可以看到它们之间形成的连接。

具体来说,研究人员通过使用由两名唐氏综合征患者捐献的细胞构建出唐氏综合征模型。作者之一Manuel Peter博士及其同事通过反向工程(Reverse Engineering,RE)皮肤细胞创造了人类脑细胞。这个过程包括从患有唐氏综合征的志愿者身上提取一些皮肤细胞,然后在实验室中对它们进行重编程而产生诱导性多能干细胞(iPS细胞),接着利用iPS细胞产生脑细胞。他们对这些脑细胞进行改造,以便能够监控它们的活动。

联合第一作者Raquel Real博士和Antonio Trabalza博士随后将这些人类神经元植入活小鼠的大脑,并随着时间的推移监测它们的发育和功能。


移植的人类脑细胞(绿色)和细胞核(紫色)。图片来源:Science,10.1126/science.aau1810

结果及意义

通讯作者De Paola博士解释道:“人类脑细胞不仅形成了复杂的网络,而且开始以与正常脑细胞非常相似的方式进行交流。我们原本仅期望少许人类脑细胞能在小鼠大脑中生长,但我们惊讶地看到人类脑细胞开始茁壮成长,且很快就能共同交流和工作。”

“这是一次了不起的团队努力,我们的结果表明唐氏综合征中协调活动减少和连接稳定性增强可能与认知功能有关。弄清楚这一点将是解决难题的重要一部分,我们期望尽快找到答案。” De Paola进一步解释。

Raquel Real补充道:“人类脑细胞的移植使我们能够随着时间的推移监测它们的成熟。最终,我们发现唐氏综合征个体的细胞在发育的关键阶段不如正常细胞活跃,这可能对这种疾病的某些症状有重要影响。”

需要强调的是,目前尚不清楚移植的人类脑细胞在多大程度上类似于人脑中相应细胞的组织和复杂性,需要通过进一步的实验对此进行研究。该小组希望改进这项技术,未来或可利用这种方法来研究其他神经系统疾病。

原始出处;

Raquel Real, Manuel Peter, Antonio Trabalza1, et.al. In vivo modeling of human neuron dynamics and Down syndrome. Science  11 Oct 2018:
eaau1810

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    2019-10-02 hongbochen
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    2018-10-19 jichang
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    2018-10-17 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-10-17 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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继不久前美国科学家发现唐氏综合征(又称“21-三体综合征”)与染色体上的关键结构——着丝粒有关后,最近,来自瑞士的一个研究小组又有了新的发现。该研究首次对21三体调节的蛋白质进行了全面的分析,有望解释唐氏综合征患者会出现各种不同症状的原因。

Cell:癌症治疗个体差异与唐氏综合征有啥共同点?

非整倍体变异,即细胞染色体数量异常,是导致许多类型的癌症和遗传疾病(包括唐氏综合征)的原因,也是大多数自然流产的原因。由非整倍体变异引起的疾病的严重性通常存在明显的个体差异化,这点很不寻常。例如,近 90%的唐氏综合征胎儿会自然流产。然而,也有唐氏综合征患者可以活到 60 岁以上。▲人体细胞的 46 条染色体(图片来源:NIH 官网)过去,研究人员认为这种差异是由患者个体基因组成差异造成。但是最近

Am J Intellect Dev Disabil:唐氏综合症成年人听力学评估

人类唐氏综合症(DS)增加的预期寿命与早产年龄相关的变化有关。最近,有研究人员在患有唐氏综合症的成年人中评估了听力功能,并且估算了在该人群中听力损失的流行程度。研究人员在72名患有唐氏综合症的成年人中(平均年龄37.3±10.1岁,51.4%为女性)进行了听觉测试,还对空气传导纯音平均(PTA)阈值在频率为0.5-1-2-4kHz时进行了计算并评估听力功能情况。研究发现,听力损失在PTA阈值大于2

2018 BSH指南:唐氏综合征一过性白血病的调查和管理

2018年6月,英国血液病学学会(BSH)发布了唐氏综合征一过性白血病的调查和管理指南,本文的主要目的是针对唐氏综合征一过性白血病的调查和管理提供指导建议,内容涉及唐氏综合征一过性白血病的定义,临床标准和诊断,筛查,结局,危险因素,监测等。

JAMA:有创无创都一样!随机对照临床试验发现,无创产前检测和羊穿等有创检测在唐氏高危孕妇流产率上无差异

安全至上,是许多准爸爸准妈妈们的心态。猫猫狗狗要躲,基站辐射要躲,产检和筛查,更是要准时做,所以准确率高,风险低的无创DNA产前检测,近年来的使用越来越广泛。

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