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医患如何绕过沟通的误区?

2015-09-18 佚名 环球医学

俗话说得好,良言一句三冬暖。良好的沟通可以帮助我们建立稳固的人际关系。同样,和谐的医患关系也需要好的沟通来维系。医患沟通如何才能更有效并避免跑偏? 有人认为,信息不对称是横亘在医患之间的一道障碍。我们可以从各方面去改善这个问题,例如,医疗机构公开透明医疗信息、国家加大对广大民众的医疗知识的普及力度、搭建医患沟通的平台等等。但是,医患之间不可能达到信息的完全对等。只有医患双方共同努力,

俗话说得好,良言一句三冬暖。良好的沟通可以帮助我们建立稳固的人际关系。同样,和谐的医患关系也需要好的沟通来维系。医患沟通如何才能更有效并避免跑偏?

有人认为,信息不对称是横亘在医患之间的一道障碍。我们可以从各方面去改善这个问题,例如,医疗机构公开透明医疗信息、国家加大对广大民众的医疗知识的普及力度、搭建医患沟通的平台等等。但是,医患之间不可能达到信息的完全对等。只有医患双方共同努力,才能让沟通顺畅。

医患沟通不仅是谈病情

有效的医患沟通中,医生不仅要跟患者探讨病情,沟通更是一种共情的体现,要让患者感受到医生对其的关心、考虑和尊重。缺乏温度、缺乏换位、走过场的沟通不仅让医患彼此劳累,反而心生怨恨,加剧医患关系的紧张。不可否认,医学用语更客观、冷静、准确,但拥有“叙事能力”的医生,能够倾听病人的叙事、想象病人的境遇、理解他们的痛苦、尊重他们的选择。这样的沟通或许能在一定程度上平衡医患关系。所以,医患交流中,不妨抛开成见,多寻找共同的话题。医生可以多观察病人的特征和需求,在沟通中需找共鸣。

沟通的技术

医生的每一句话都能影响患者的心理感受。医生经过了长期规范的医学专业训练,表达的时候更多使用的是医学术语,而医学术语并不具有传播力。患者需要的是通俗易懂的、故事化的语言。

因此,医生在平时要注意一些人文技能积累。医生尽可能地用一种平和的姿态,让病人也参与疾病治疗的讨论之中,询问患者时语气婉转,患者回答时仔细倾听,想象病人的痛苦、境遇,反思对病人的影响。在回答患者的提问时,要经过慎重思考,适当地给予患者建议。最后,在尊重病人和家属选择的前提下,做出最佳的治疗决定。

一知半解的患者

无论是久病成医,还是借助度娘、谷歌,一些患者在看病时会用自己一知半解的医学知识跟医生争辩。《神一样的医患沟通》中就举了一个与此相关的例子。

一位门诊病人一再询问医生为何给她开钙片。医生耐心解释:体内激素分布改变导致钙流失。病人皱着眉头,似懂非懂。看后面还有一长串病号等待诊治,医生着急,直接说:“奶奶,不怪您不懂,医学生学三年才能彻底弄懂这些,您就甭管了,回家吃钙片就是了!”病人干脆也直说了:“医生,电视上专家都说了,不能瞎补钙啊!”医生出现三分钟的无语,然后一个箭步冲到护士站捧回一盆葱兰说:“您看看这花草,可能浇水浇死,也可能干旱旱死。现在您身体的花草因为缺水枯干了,您觉得该浇水还是不浇?”一盆花草让病人醍醐灌顶,高高兴兴地买药去了。

其实,患者要知道,医生即使水平再一般,掌握的医疗知识还是胜于患者的。患者由于欠缺医学知识,在掌握医疗信息的时候很难抓住核心。如果用错误的认知来左右自己的判断,甚至用录音或录像等手段强行介入沟通,就会给医生造成压力。所以患者还是老老实实地信任医生吧!

遇到这样的患者,医生如果讲话也很“强势”,比如说“听我的,还是听你的?”,“谁是权威?”就会影响到沟通的效果。医生应该先肯定一下患者所说,再婉转地用个比喻,这样患者就比较容易接纳医生的建议了,从而对医生产生信任。

医患风险共担

有效交流的前提是双方的坦诚,医患之间也是如此。有的患者在就诊时会隐瞒以往的病历,以此来考验医生的水平。因此医院在做治疗之前,往往会让病人多做一些检查或筛查。这不是没有道理的,患者应该理解。

就拿知情同意书来说,有人就会认为医生交代这些风险是在推卸责任。其实,患者有知情权,当然需要了解治疗的风险。同时,治疗是医生和患者相互配合来完成的。所以,医生告知不是为了推卸责任,而是要告诉患者和家属:这是难度系数大的手术,可能引发的问题很多,医生在努力,我们一起承担。

把握沟通的黄金时间

第一时间沟通尤其重要,尤其在遇到突发情况的时候。很多医院管理者在遇到这种事情时都存在沟通的障碍。他们会觉得:抢救是应该的,但沟通不是分内的事。哪怕遇到医闹,内部解决就可以了,对社会外部的交代并不那么重要。可实际上,与患者和家属沟通以及与媒体沟通本来也应是医护人员的职责之一。医生和医院除了治病救人,也要满足社会的知情权。但现在很多医院管理者在结论出来之前不敢说话,导致谣言满天飞。

这也反映出医院内部的沟通机制有问题,有些医院在管理上脱节,在一些医疗纠纷和紧急事件的处置中,更多是管理业务的领导在处理临床情况,而负责对外宣传的领导却不知情。这就导致舆论已经哗然,公共沟通却迟迟不启动。

舆情开始前是有潜伏期的,一些医疗纠纷事件从刚开始出现苗头到爆发为舆情事件的这个阶段是沟通的黄金时间。如果问题在这个时间没得到有解决,就会逐渐演变成恶性事件。因此,舆情监测要前置,尤其是新媒体时代,舆情一旦爆发,燃点可以很低,但是燃爆的速度却很快,瞬间消息就可能遍布全国各地。等到舆情爆发后再应对,就已经很被动了。

社会在发展,沟通已经成为我们每个人必不可少的一种能力。近日,教育部也提出临床医学硕士考试将考医患沟通,足见其重要性。无论是医生还是患者,都需要掌握沟通这门艺术,促进医患关系的有利发展!

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    2015-12-16 三三五五

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46416, encodeId=13de46416c3, content=棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=235, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 19:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38025, encodeId=9d053802568, content=很好的文章哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Oct 07 22:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37165, encodeId=35593e16535, content=建立人与人之间信任, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=153, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7ceOChkqicg6SzjqymjoEtLx55A9HNpmV1quNDdicpmTPZp1WXCq35u64iaCjRhibmrEPN5JHdvOZt9Ajj4MxzLbJ9/0, createdBy=ddf3111026, createdName=jawel, createdTime=Tue Sep 22 21:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37056, encodeId=06413e05695, content=首先要能多宣传正能量事,建立人与人之间信任,否则,患者总会认为医生在为了利益而欺骗病人,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93491649600, createdName=1ddc440dm00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 20 19:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284612, encodeId=4756128461281, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da9934342b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医患#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34342, encryptionId=da9934342b5, topicName=医患)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 02:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308759, encodeId=d1ff1308e59ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa7291842d9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#误区#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91842, encryptionId=aa7291842d9, topicName=误区)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 02:43:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=37029, encodeId=fcac3e0290c, content=沟通是门艺术, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=184, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=e3af103535, createdName=rong774, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 23:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-07 hlycom3356

    很好的文章哦

    0

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    2015-09-22 jawel

    建立人与人之间信任

    0

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    2015-09-20 1ddc440dm00(暂无匿称)

    首先要能多宣传正能量事,建立人与人之间信任,否则,患者总会认为医生在为了利益而欺骗病人,

    0

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    2015-09-20 millore
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    2015-09-18 rong774

    沟通是门艺术

    0

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