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JAMA Pediatr:二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病 后代的生长发育受影响吗?

2019-01-26 王淳 环球医学

2018年12月,美国和新西兰学者发表在《JAMA Pediatr》的一项研究,考察了二甲双胍vs胰岛素治疗妊娠期糖尿病与儿童生长和发育长期结局的相关性。

在全球范围内,估计每7例婴儿就有1例受到妊娠期糖尿病的影响。虽然很多女性能够通过改变生活方式实现血糖控制,但仍有部分女性需要药物治疗。目前对妊娠期糖尿病的药物治疗,主要依靠胰岛素,但胰岛素治疗存在一些不足,如需注射给药、易发生低血糖、增加体重等。

口服降糖药,如二甲双胍,已成为妊娠期糖尿病一个有前景的治疗选择。然而,由于二甲双胍可通过胎盘屏障,患者和医生均担忧其对儿童健康有长期影响。

2018年12月,美国和新西兰学者发表在《JAMA Pediatr》的一项研究,考察了二甲双胍vs胰岛素治疗妊娠期糖尿病与儿童生长和发育长期结局的相关性。

这是针对新西兰女性及其后代的基于人群的队列研究。这些女性为2005~2012年接受二甲双胍或胰岛素治疗的妊娠期糖尿病患者。

本研究链接到国家医疗保健数据库,创建了母亲及其后代的队列,包括产科治疗、药物处方、住院、人口统计学记录、B4学校检查(B4SC)学龄前健康评估等数据。纳入了妊娠期接受二甲双胍或胰岛素治疗的女性。排除了2013年之前具有糖尿病证据和分娩的孕妇。活产婴儿与他们的B4SC结果相链接。2017年1月~2018年5月分析数据。

使用药物理赔数据确定服用二甲双胍或胰岛素治疗妊娠期糖尿病。

儿童发育(体重和身高)与力量和困难调查问卷(SDQ)评分用于行为发育评估。所有结局都从B4SC筛查项目中获取。具有治疗加权逆概率的线性和对数二项回归,用于评估儿童发育和社会心理结局与二甲双胍vs胰岛素治疗妊娠期糖尿病之间的相关性。

两个治疗组中,产妇的平均(SD)年龄为32(5)岁。

接受胰岛素治疗的产妇,多数为新西兰欧洲裔(867[44.9%]);二甲双胍组576人(28.9%)为新西兰欧洲裔,约三分之一为亚裔(639人)。

3928例产妇接受二甲双胍(1996人)或胰岛素(1932人)治疗。

结果显示,调整后,二甲双胍vs胰岛素暴露的儿童的体重身高z评分无显着差异(平均差,-0.10;95% CI,-0.20~0.01)。两组体重身高z评分处于第85百分位数或更高的风险相似(调整风险比,0.92;95% CI,0.83~1.02)。

两组的平均SDQ评分无显着差异。与胰岛素治疗母亲的儿童相比,二甲双胍治疗产妇的儿童,家长报告SDQ评分为14分或以上的可能性(调整风险比,1.13;95% CI,0.88~1.46)无显着升高。

该研究比较了妊娠期糖尿病产妇接受二甲双胍vs胰岛素治疗后,学龄前儿童的长期结局。研究表明,二甲双胍治疗产妇的儿童与胰岛素治疗的母亲的儿童相比,其生长和发育结局无显着差异。这些结果有助于将来制定妊娠期糖尿病治疗指南。

研究者观察到儿童性别估计值有差异;然而,研究者未进行正式的测试来确定这些差异是否具有统计学显着性。需要进一步研究确定性别特异性效应。

在小鼠模型中,研究人员观察到孕期暴露于二甲双胍对雌性后代的代谢结局具有更显着的保护作用,但这与在人类中观察到的结果不一致。

两组的平均SDQ-P和SDQ-T难度及社会行为评分相似。二甲双胍暴露儿童的SDQ-P或SDQ-T困难评分无更大风险;然而,置信区间很宽,与胰岛素治疗相比,不能完全排除二甲双胍相关潜在风险增加。

总之,该研究未发现与胰岛素相比,二甲双胍对妊娠期糖尿病女性后代的生长发育长期结局无不良影响,二甲双胍可以作为一个治疗选择。

原始出处:

Landi SN, Radke S, Engel SM, et al. Association of Long-term Child Growth and Developmental Outcomes With Metformin vs Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Dec 3. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4214.

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    2019-01-28 neurowu
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945789, encodeId=a5a81945e8900, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49ce6961069' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生长发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69610, encryptionId=49ce6961069, topicName=生长发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35a460, createdName=fengyi812, createdTime=Sun Oct 20 10:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1727859, encodeId=6a9d1e27859ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Jun 30 18:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1638969, encodeId=427b16389691d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Thu Apr 04 21:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1251182, encodeId=e317125118265, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90494486837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44868, encryptionId=90494486837, topicName=妊娠期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Mon Jan 28 02:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1253636, encodeId=bd8f12536364c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d5d44888a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期糖尿病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44888, encryptionId=9d5d44888a9, topicName=妊娠期糖尿病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=shenxlcyp, createdTime=Mon Jan 28 02:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347369, encodeId=a76a134e369b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Mon Jan 28 02:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042215, encodeId=03be104221569, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Jan 26 14:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-26 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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