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Alzheimers Dementia:调查中国农村5000人,认知障碍有何具体特点?

2022-03-30 网络 网络

在中国,超过四分之一的农村老年人受到MCI的影响

轻度认知障碍(MCI)被认为是正常衰老和痴呆之间的一个中间阶段。在过去的20年里,MCI的概念不断发展,以适应病因和预后结果的异质性,将MCI区分为不同的亚型。记忆性MCI(amnestic MCI)是MCI最常见的亚型,涉及记忆障碍,更有可能发展为典型的阿尔茨海默病(AD),而非记忆性MCI(naMCI)涉及记忆以外的认知领域的障碍,更经常发展为非典型的AD和其他类型的痴呆(如血管性痴呆、路易体痴呆和额颞叶痴呆)。

在过去的二十年里,一些基于人口的研究报告了中国老年人中MCI的患病率,患病率从5%到28%不等。MCI患病率的范围很广,部分原因是研究人群的人口学特征不同,以及用于定义MCI的神经心理学测试和操作标准不同。

以前的研究大多以受教育程度较高或社会经济地位较高的城市人口为对象,而来自农村人口的数据则很稀少。此外,中国的大多数流行病学研究只使用简单的认知筛查测试来定义MCI,如迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA),而标准的神经心理学测试组合很少被用来定义MCI和MCI的亚型。因此,中国MCI的流行病学数据可能无法与那些采用基于指南的方法来定义MCI及其亚型的研究相比较。事实上,简单的认知筛查工具和全面的神经心理学测试电池都被推荐用于评估和定义MCI的实践指南。此外,目前的指南建议,MCI的诊断应最终基于对认知功能和功能状态的临床评估,而不是仅仅基于特定的测试分数。综上所述,关于中国老年人MCI的流行病学和主要MCI亚型的知识仍然是空白,特别是在农村居住的老年人中,MCI和MCI亚型的定义是按照国际标准的标准。

藉此,山东大学的Lin Cong等人,在这项以社区为基础的中国农村老年人的研究中,并采用标准的方法来定义MCI和MCI亚型,将神经心理学评估与临床诊断共识相结合。

核心目的是:
(1)确定MCI、aMCI和naMCI的患病率;
(2)研究MCI及其亚型与人口统计学特征、生活方式、临床因素和脂蛋白E(APOE)基因型的横断面关联。

这项基于人口的研究包括5068名居住在农村社区的参与者(年龄≥60岁)。

他们按照Petersen的标准定义了MCI、失忆性MCI(aMCI)和非失忆性MCI(naMCI),该标准将神经心理学评估与亲自临床评估结合起来。

他们发现:MCI、aMCI和naMCI的总流行率分别为26.48%、22.30%和4.18%。MCI的发病率随年龄增长而增加。

调整后的MCI概率(OR)为:小学(相对于文盲)0.71(95%置信区间[CI]0.61至0.82),初中或以上0.30(0.24至0.39),1.35(1.09至1. 67)为农民,0.65(0.54至0.78)为饮酒,1.43(1.20至1.70)为中风史,1.14(0.95至1.36)为任何脂蛋白E(APOE)ε4等位基因(vs ε3/ε3)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:在中国,超过四分之一的农村老年人受到MCI的影响。总体而言,MCI与人口统计学因素、非酒精消费和中风有关,但与APOE基因型和心脏代谢因素无关。

原文出处:

[Cong L, Ren Y, Wang Y, et al. Mild cognitive impairment among rural‐dwelling older adults in China: A community‐based study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online March 9, 2022:alz.12629. doi:10.1002/alz.12629](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12629)

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    2022-08-05 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-28 daviiliu

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这项研究为理解治疗抵抗型首次发病精神病患者的认知缺陷提供了新的视角,并揭示了NMDAR共激动剂通路在这些缺陷中的作用。

高血压增加认知障碍风险高达6倍!最新综述指出这类治疗策略或有效

近期发表于Hypertension的一项综述,评估了高血压与认知障碍之间的关系,同时对相关的治疗策略也进行了描述。

解锁认知之门:精神分裂症认知障碍最新研究进展

医学界对于精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的理解正在不断进步,这对于疾病的早期识别、治疗和患者的全面康复具有重要意义。

ESH 2024 | 中国之声:心力衰竭与认知障碍关联性新发现,血压控制成关键!

这项荟萃分析表明,心力衰竭患者中不同血压水平与认知功能障碍程度存在关联,表明血压水平对其认知功能有一定影响。

JAMA Psychiatry:CACNA1C/Cav1.2 和 CALB1/Calbindin 在认知障碍中改变的前额神经元中的关键作用

背外侧前额叶皮层中的III层锥体细胞在认知障碍中很脆弱,它们差异表达钙结合蛋白和一系列钙相关蛋白,包括L型钙通道Cav1.2(CACNA1C)、GluN2B-NMDA受体(GRIN2B)和SK3钾通道

好文推荐 | 脑小血管病与认知障碍的研究进展

本文在全面了解CSVD病因学、发病机制、病理及影像学表现进展的基础之上,对CSVD与多种认知功能障碍疾病的相关性进行综述,以期对CSVD相关认知功能障碍的临床多模评估和防治提供参考。

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2023-09-28

痴呆患者睡眠障碍管理的最佳证据总结

江苏医药职业学院 · 2023-03-22

痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

痴呆诊断中 PET 临床合理化应用中国专家共识 (2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

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