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今天是"国际爱耳日":你的听力可还好?

2016-03-03 朱翠云编译 公共卫生信息

全球5%的人口(约3亿6千万人)伴有聋度为残疾的听力损失,其中逾 3千2百万为儿童,主要分布在中低收入国家。 听觉在儿童学习语言、掌握知识和融入社会中都发挥着至关重要的作用。听力损失的儿童在接受教育和社会交往方面均存在困难,因此,如能早期诊断并给予适当的干预,对其将大有裨益。 据世卫组织估算,

已有实验证明:戴耳机连续听1小时音乐,听力明显下降,连听2小时,真的会对听力造成不可恢复的伤害!爱惜自己的听力,采取行动,刻不容缓!

全球5%的人口(约3亿6千万人)伴有聋度为残疾的听力损失,其中逾 3千2百万为儿童,主要分布在中低收入国家。
 
听觉在儿童学习语言、掌握知识和融入社会中都发挥着至关重要的作用。听力损失的儿童在接受教育和社会交往方面均存在困难,因此,如能早期诊断并给予适当的干预,对其将大有裨益。
 
据世卫组织估算,约有60%儿童的听力损失是可以避免的。如果听力损失不可避免,则需要通过听力重建、教育和赋权等措施协助患儿充分开发潜能。为实现这一目标,需要双方共同努力、采取行动。
 
儿童听力损失的成因?
听力损失有多种成因,包括先天因素和获得性因素,前者指出生时或出生不久即出现的先天性听力损失,后者指儿童时期出现的听力损失。听力损失可能是多种因素共同作用的结果,但有时难以查明确切成因。

儿童听力损失的可能成因包括:
遗传因素:
约40%的儿童听力损失由遗传因素引起。证据表明,近亲结婚或亲缘相近的个体产生的后代发生听力损失的概率更高。由于基因或环境因素导致先天性耳或听神经畸形可能是引起听力损失的原因。
产时因素:包括早产、低出生体重、新生儿窒息1和新生儿黄疸。
感染:母亲怀孕期间感染风疹、巨细胞病毒等可能引起新生儿听力损失,此外脑膜炎、麻疹和流行性腮腺炎等也可能导致听力损失。在低收入国家,慢性化脓性中耳炎等耳部感染非常常见,除引起听力损失外,耳部感染也可能引起致死性并发症。
耳部疾病:耵聍栓塞(耳垢堆积)及耳道积水引起的咽鼓管堵塞(非化脓性中耳炎)等常见耳部疾病也可以引起儿童听力损失。
噪声:长时间大音量的使用智能手机、MP3等个人音频播放设备可能引起听力 损失。烟火爆竹等短时间高分贝的噪声可能会引起永久性听力损失。此外,新生儿重症监护病房的设备噪声也能够引起听力损失。
药物: 用于治疗新生儿感染、疟疾、耐药结核及癌症等多种药物,因其具有耳毒性,均可导致听力损失。在很多地区,尤其是存在药物应用不规范的区域,耳毒性药物经常被用于治疗儿童常见感染。
  
预防和护理策略有哪些?

必须采取措施以减少听力损失发病率,并改善其预后。政府、公共卫生机构、社会服务组织、教育机构和民间社会团体应群策群力,共同促进听力损失的防控工作。
加强孕产妇和儿童卫生保健 规 划,包 括 开展免疫接种和建立听力损失患者的组织;
实施婴幼儿和学校听力筛查规划;
培训听力保健方面的卫生专业人员;
提供听力设备和各种交流法;
监管和监测耳毒性药物的使用情况和环境噪声水平;
增强公众意识保护听力和减少耻辱感。

原始出处:

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2016/childhood-hearing-loss/en/

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    2016-09-23 ylzr123

    赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。

    0

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    2016-03-05 ysjykql
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    2016-03-03 harry37640

    耳机党飘过

    0

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    2016-03-03 tiffany8083

    喜欢听音乐啊

    0

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    2016-03-03 wei834766788

    以后要多注意了才行

    0

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    2016-03-03 wei834766788

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