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Blood:急性淋巴细胞白血病的风险分层适应性疗法

2020-07-16 医刀 MedSci原创

风险分层和早期大剂量阿糖胞苷强化治疗可改善KMT2A-重排型ALL患婴的EFS;早期MRD清除是ALL患婴良好预后的一个重要预测指标

患有急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的婴儿,特别是携带KMT2A基因重排(KMT2A-r)的婴儿,预后很差。日本一直在努力研究干细胞移植(HSCT)在携带KMT2A-r的ALL患婴中的作用,但预后改善效果差强人意。

在日本儿科白血病/淋巴瘤研究组试验MLL-10中,根据KMT2A状态、年龄和有无中枢神经系统白血病将ALL患婴分成三个风险组:低风险(LR)、中风险(IR)和高风险(HR)组。

予以KMT2A-r患婴改良的儿童肿瘤学AALL0631化疗方案,并在早期强化治疗中加入大剂量阿糖胞苷,另外HSCT仅限于HR患者。同时还评估了微小残留病灶的作用。

共招募了90位符合要求的婴儿,LR组有15位、IR组有19位、HR组有56位。KMT2A-r型ALL(IR+HR)患者的三年无事件存活(EFS)率为66.2%,KMT2A-g型ALL(LR)患者的三年EFS率为93.3%。IR患者和HR患者的三年EFS率分别是94.4%和56.6%。

在多变量分析中,女性和早期巩固治疗结束时MRD≥0.01%都是预后明显不良的因素。

综上所述,本研究中的风险分层和强化化疗的引入是有效的,能够代替部分KMT2A-r型ALL婴儿的HSCT。早早清除MRD可改善预后,此外,应在以后的试验中纳入风险分层。

原始出处:

Daisuke Tomizawa,et al. A risk-stratified therapy for infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the JPLSG MLL-10 trial. Blood. July 07,2020.

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