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Nature:首次证实,胃肠道病毒可通过唾液传播

2022-07-01 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

Nihal Altan-Bonnet和同事用证据表明,肠道病毒能感染小鼠的唾液腺,而且唾液能对外传播病毒。

胃肠道病毒会导致胃痛、呕吐和腹泻,被普遍认为会通过粪-口传播:某个宿主粪便中的病毒会进入另一个宿主体内(比如通过受到污染的食物),在其肠道内复制并在粪便中排出,以此形式不断复制下去。虽然此前已有研究在胃肠道病毒感染者的唾液中检测到肠道病毒的基因组 RNA,但这些检测结果一直被认为是由肠道污染物所引起的。

然而,Nihal Altan-Bonnet和同事用证据表明,肠道病毒能感染小鼠的唾液腺,而且唾液能对外传播病毒。

2022年6月29日,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的研究人员在 Nature 发表了题为:Enteric viruses replicate in salivary glands and infect through saliva 的研究论文。

这项研究发现,诺如病毒和轮状病毒这类胃肠道病毒或能通过唾液传播。该研究结果揭示了这类病毒此前未知的一个传播途径,或表明遏制病毒传播的举措需要采用更好的卫生技术。

研究团队发现,在小鼠幼崽接种了鼠诺如病毒或轮状病毒的几天之后,这些小鼠的母亲也出现了感染的迹象。研究人员在小鼠母亲的乳腺中发现了来自鼠诺如病毒或轮状病毒的基因组RNA,说明乳腺或许是肠道病毒发生复制的部位,进而提示小鼠幼崽吮吸乳汁可能是一个传播途径。

在成年小鼠中,鼠诺如病毒或轮状病毒的部分(但非全部)毒株被发现能在唾液腺中复制,而且替小鼠幼崽注射受感染成年小鼠的唾液后也会导致感染。

发现肠道病毒能在唾液腺中复制或对病毒感染及其潜在疗法的研究具有启示意义。作者通过演示表明,迷你唾液腺——小鼠或人唾液腺细胞来源的类器官——或能用来分别培养鼠源和人源诺如病毒。相比目前用来复制研究用诺如病毒的“迷你肠道”(肠道类器官)系统,这种迷你唾液腺系统可能不失为一种更便宜简单的替代。

原始出处:

Ghosh, S., Kumar, M., Santiana, M. et al. Enteric viruses replicate in salivary glands and infect through saliva. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04895-8.

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    唾液可以传播胃肠道病毒

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