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NAT COMMUN:报导焦虑的细胞根源,为抑郁症治疗开辟新途径!

2017-07-26 佚名 来宝网

从面对考试压力的学生到可能面临裁员的工人,担心未来是一种普遍存在的经历。但是,当人们对坏事情的预期开始干扰日常生活时,普通的忧虑就会变成一种焦虑障碍。大约四分之一的成年人会在人生的某个阶段与焦虑作斗争,这使它成为美国最常见的精神疾病之一。

从面对考试压力的学生到可能面临裁员的工人,担心未来是一种普遍存在的经历。但是,当人们对坏事情的预期开始干扰日常生活时,普通的忧虑就会变成一种焦虑障碍。大约四分之一的成年人会在人生的某个阶段与焦虑作斗争,这使它成为美国最常见的精神疾病之一。

现在,来自圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院的新研究揭示了焦虑的大脑中可能发生的事情。一项新的研究发现,当一种动物面临一种不愉快的事件时,一组神经元会变得活跃起来。

这项研究发表在7月26日的自然通讯上

研究发现,当猴子认为坏的事情或者烦人的事情发生时,大脑中一些特定的神经元就会被激活。而当动物们认为他们可能会得到一些好的东西时,例如喝一些甜的饮料,这些神经元就不会被激活。这就说明,只有哪些让猴子感觉糟糕的经历才能激活些神经细胞。

这项研究为理解焦虑的根源提供了机会,并可能最终导致新的治疗方法。

研究者研究了大脑的一个部分,即前扣带皮层,这是大脑外层的一个区域,位于大脑的两个半球之间的沟里。

人们发现,前扣带皮层的差异可以区分健康的人和患有精神障碍的人,如焦虑、强迫症、注意力缺陷和抑郁,这表明该区域在精神疾病中起着重要作用。然而,这些大脑差异及其后果的细胞并没有被很好地理解。

为了研究大脑对不确定性的反应,研究者选择研究恒河猴,这些猴子的前扣带皮层与人类相似。他训练了两只猴子识别出三种几何图案,其中一种表示它们即将在脸上喷上一股令人讨厌的气体,一种意味着它们有50%的几率会被喷到这股令人讨厌的气体,另一种表示什么也不会发生。
然后,研究者记录这些猴子的前扣带皮层的单个神经元的活动,同时向猴子展示这些几何图像。当猴子知道有一股气流(50%可能性)时,一群神经细胞开始迅速地开火。当空气膨胀时,这些细胞就不活跃了,只有在可能发生的情况下才会发生,这意味着细胞并没有对这种经历的不愉快做出反应,而是对它的不确定性做出反应。

研究者还训练猴子们识别另外一些几何图案,这些图案表明了能够或者有可能得到美好的事情:喝一小口果汁。他发现了一组完全不同的细胞,这些细胞改变了它们的活动,以应对获得治疗的可能性或确定性。就像空气膨胀实验一样,当动物知道自己有机会喝一口的时候,神经元就会做出反应,这与果汁得到保证时的反应是不同的。

这些发现揭示了复杂的心理过程的细胞基础。大脑是如何回应可能发生的坏事——或者好的——可能发生在我们的神经元中。

研究者说:“现在我们知道,当动物面临着不确定性的糟糕的经历时,我们知道哪些细胞是活跃的,我们可以尝试破坏这些细胞的活动,它开辟了新的研究道路,有一天可能会带来新的治疗方法,比如焦虑和抑郁。”

原始出处:
 Ilya E. Monosov. Anterior cingulate is a source of valence-specific information about value and uncertainty, Nature Communications (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00072-y

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    2017-10-09 hb2008ye
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    2018-01-08 liye789132251
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    2017-07-30 1341f3cb2dm

    谢谢,非常棒的实验结果!

    0

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    2017-07-27 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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