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J Natl Cancer Inst:药物辅助戒烟为何缺乏长期有效性?

2018-07-12 吴星 环球医学

2018年6月,发表在《J Natl Cancer Inst》的一项由美国学者进行的研究,考察了美国吸烟者的全国代表性队列中,药物戒烟辅助的有效性。

2018年6月,发表在《J Natl Cancer Inst》的一项由美国学者进行的研究,考察了美国吸烟者的全国代表性队列中,药物戒烟辅助的有效性。

背景:尽管随机试验显示出较强的有效性,但缺乏药物辅助在长期戒烟中的群体有效性,可能由于混杂因素造成(与药物辅助的使用和难以戒烟相关的因素)。纵向研究中的配对技术能消除该混杂偏倚。

方法:使用当前人口普查的全国代表性烟草使用的补充(TUS-CPS),研究者评估了两项纵向研究中,药物辅助戒烟在基线成人吸烟者(随访1年前尝试戒烟)中的有效性:2002~2003和2010~2011。具有完整数据的药物辅助的使用者和非使用者(2129人)使用具有12个潜在混杂因素(年龄、性别、种族-民族、教育、吸烟强度、尼古丁依赖、既往戒烟史、戒烟的自我有效性、无烟家庭、普查年份、戒烟辅助的使用)的倾向得分模型进行了配对。使用配对数据集,logistic回归模型用来评估任何药物辅助的使用是否会增加随访期禁烟30天或更长时间的患者比例。

结果:倾向得分匹配显着改善了药物辅助使用组间潜在混杂因素的平衡问题。使用配对样本提供了平衡比较,无证据显示,伐尼克兰(调整风险差[aRD]=0.01;95% 置信区间[CI]=-0.07~0.11)、安非他酮(aRD=0.02;95% CI=-0.04~0.09)或尼古丁替代疗法(aRD=0.01;95% CI=-0.03~0.06)会增加1年随访期禁烟30天或更长时间的概率。

结论:人群样本中,药物辅助在增加长期戒烟上的有效性缺乏不是混杂分析所造成的。可能的解释为,有效性试验提供的咨询和支持干预几乎不会传递到普通人群中。

原始出处:

Leas EC, Pierce JP, Benmarhnia T, et al. Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Smoking Cessation Aids in a Nationally Representative Cohort of American Smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018 Jun 1;110(6):581-587. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djx240.

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    2018-08-12 qidongfanjian
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    2019-06-01 drj2003
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    2019-05-15 liye789132251
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    2018-07-12 sunfeifeiyang

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