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盘点:2017年9月刊Gastroenterology研究精选

2017-09-06 zhangfan MedSci原创

【盘点】2017年9月刊Gastroenterology研究精选



【1】封面文章--果糖摄入控制与脂肪代谢


糖摄入与肥胖、II型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝和心血管疾病有关,果糖转化为肝脏脂肪这一脂肪从头合成过程(DNL)可能与上述疾病相关。近日研究人员考察了果糖热量控制对高糖摄入的拉丁裔和非裔美国儿童脂肪从头合成、肝脏脂肪、内脏脂肪(VAT)、皮下脂肪以及胰岛素动力学的影响。

41名9-18岁的儿童参与研究,参与者平均日果糖摄入超过50g,参与者进行为期9天的果糖摄入控制,以淀粉代替果糖摄入,饮食中果糖含量为4%,在试验前后对代谢情况进行评估,配对分析比较每个孩子从第0天到第10天的变化。

研究发现,在试验第10天,所有参与者肝脏脂肪平均减少7.2%,内脏脂肪面积减少13cm3,脂肪从头合成过程的曲线下面积减少至26%,胰岛素动力学显著提高,且上述变化与基线肝脏脂肪含量不相关。

【2】磁共振成像质子密度脂肪分数与脂肪肝病变


近日研究人员评估了磁共振成像(MRI)质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)在肝脂肪变性和成人非酒精性脂肪肝(NASH)肝细胞脂肪变性中的应用。该研究是对奥贝胆酸临床研究的二次分析。基线时,34%的患者脂肪变性0或1级,39%的患者病变2级,27%的患者病变3级,其相应的PDFF分数分别为9.8%±3.7%, 18.1%±4.3%以及30.1%±8.1%。PDFF对0-1级相比于2-3级病变ROC曲线面积为0.95,0-2级相比于3级病变ROC曲线面积为0.96。90%PDFF检测限对于2-3级病变检测的特异性为16.3%,敏感性为83%,对3级病变检测的特异性为21.7%,敏感性为84%。奥贝胆酸治疗72周后,42%的患者病变程度降低,PDEF较基线减少7.4%,49%的患者病变程度无显著变化,PDFF较基线降低0.3%,9%的患者病变程度增加,PDFF增长7.7%。病变程度减少患者PDFF的ROC曲线下面积为0.81,病变进展患者ROC曲线下面积为0.81。研究发现PDFF减少5.15%对应的病变减少的敏感性为58%,特异性为90%,而PDFF增加5.6%对应的病变进展的敏感性为57%,特异性为90%。

【3】质子泵抑制剂与慢性肾损伤


研究证实质子泵抑制剂(PPI)与急性肾损伤(AKI)相关。最近的研究表明,PPI可能与慢性肾脏病(CKD)的风险有关。

研究人员利用斯德哥尔摩肌酐测量数据库数据开展了一项回顾性分析研究。该数据库包含2007至2010年间斯德哥尔摩地区所有公民的诊断信息,医保数据和实验室测试结果。共105305名新PPIs使用者以及9578名新H2抑制剂使用者,肾功能数据监控平均随访2.7年。主要结果是进展性CKD,定义为肌酐加倍或肾小球滤过率降低30%以上。次要终点为终末期肾脏疾病和急性肾损伤(AKI)。

研究发现,相比于使用H2抑制剂患者,服用PPIs增加了双倍肌酐水平的风险(1985起,HR,1.26;95% CI 1.05-1.51)以及肾小球滤过率降低30%以上风险(11045 起,HR,1.26;95% CI,1.16-1.36)。使用PPI与终末期肾病(HR,2.40;0.76-7.58)和AKI(HR,1.30;95% CI,1.00-1.69)有关。PPIs与CDK进展风险存在分级相关性,H2抑制剂无相关性。

【4】乳糜泻与麸质反应T细胞响应


乳糜泻是一种慢性小肠炎症性疾病,主要体现为麸质敏感。近日研究人员考察了乳糜泻小儿与成人患者麸质反应T细胞响应的差异。小儿患者年龄2-5岁,成人患者26-55岁,所有患者HLA-DQ2.5均为阳性,在T细胞检查前所有活体样本进行糜蛋白酶麸质分解物和胰蛋白酶蛋白分解物培养。研究发现小儿以及成年患者对脱去酰胺基麸质的T细胞响应高于天然麸质,且表现出对多种麸质抗原表位反应,存在多个T细胞克隆交叉反应抗原表位包括γ以及ω-醇溶蛋白以及50%的未知抗原表位。

【5】肝细胞癌免疫细胞浸润分子特征


近日研究人员考察了肝细胞癌免疫细胞浸润分子特征,以确定肿瘤免疫反应药物的疗效。研究分析了956名患者的肿瘤样本后发现,25%的样本存在显著的免疫响应,程序性细胞死亡配体1中的CD274分子以及程序性细胞死亡1表达水平升高,呈现出肿瘤免疫组,其中包括2个亚型:适应性T细胞反应或衰竭T细胞。免疫应答衰竭表达多个调节转化生长因子β1介导免疫抑制的基因。研究中未发现肝癌与其他肿瘤免疫特定抗原表达差异。

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    2018-07-03 许安
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    2017-09-13 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2017-09-07 cscdliu

    谢谢.非常好.感谢

    0

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    2017-09-07 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-09-06 luominglian113

    学习了.谢谢分享

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