Baidu
map

Sci Transl Med:耶鲁学者发文:操纵DNA修复+传统癌症治疗

2019-05-27 佚名 生物通

“这种药物对血管形成产生影响,这并不令人感到意外。但它通过PDGF受体对DNA修复的直接影响是完全出乎意料的,”Glazer说。

“这种药物对血管形成产生影响,这并不令人感到意外。但它通过PDGF受体对DNA修复的直接影响是完全出乎意料的,”Glazer说。


Peter M. Glazer

耶鲁癌症中心的研究人员发现,一种被认为用途有限的抗癌药物实际上严重被低估了:这种药物能阻止某些癌细胞修复它们的DNA。

这一研究成果公布在Science Translational Medicine杂志上,研究表明,将这种药物西地尼布(cediranib)与其他药物结合使用,可以对癌症产生致命的打击。

“开发DNA修复抑制剂吸引了不少癌症领域科学家的兴趣,因为它们破坏癌细胞中的DNA,将极大地帮助治疗,如放疗和化疗,”文章的通讯作者,耶鲁大学癌症中心研究治疗放射学系主任Peter M. Glazer教授说。

DNA修复有几种不同的方式,这就是为什么这些特定的抑制剂可能非常有效的原因。“人们正在认识到,操纵DNA修复可能非常有利于提高传统癌症治疗的疗效。”

文章第一作者,Glazer团队成员Alanna Kaplan说:“使用Cediranib来帮助阻止癌细胞修复DNA损伤,可能对许多依赖药物靶向途径的癌症有用。如果我们能够确定依赖于这种途径的癌症,我们就可以针对许多肿瘤。”

Cediranib被开发用于抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体,后者能刺激肿瘤需要生长的血管的形成。但它的疗效比美国FDA批准的VEGF途径抑制剂Avastin小。

然而,最近的一项临床试验发现,Cediranib和Olaparib(奥拉帕尼,注册为olaparib,Lynparza)的组合对于特定形式的卵巢癌很有效。Olaparib是第一个被批准的DNA修复药物,可以抑制一种名为PARP的DNA修复酶,并且由于DNA修复基因BRCA1和BRCA2的突变,有望杀死具有DNA修复缺陷的癌细胞。

但是,Cediranib和Olaparib的组合对于没有BRCA1/BRCA2突变的卵巢癌是有效的,因此研究人员启动了不同类型的癌症(包括前列腺癌和肺癌)中测试药物组合的几项临床试验。

Glazer和他的团队想要了解Cediranib为何有如此强大的作用。

研究人员认为,Cediranib通过关闭血管生成,促进血管生长来起作用。阻断血管生成导致肿瘤内的低氧条件,即缺氧。二十年前,Glazer证明,低氧似乎会对DNA修复产生负面影响。简而言之,Cediranib引起的缺氧导致DNA修复不足。

但新研究发现,虽然Cediranib确实有助于阻止肿瘤中新血管的生长,但它的第二种功能可能更强大——它在DNA修复途径的早期阶段关闭DNA修复。“与Olaparib不同,它不会直接阻断DNA修复分子,阻止DNA自身缝合在一起。它会影响DNA修复基因的表达调控,”Glazer说。

Cediranib使肿瘤对Olaparib的作用更敏感,因为它通过称为同源定向修复(HDR)的机制阻止癌细胞修复其DNA。当一条健康的DNA链被用作模板来修复相同但受损的DNA链时,就会发生这种情况。

Cediranib的直接作用是抑制血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR),后者参与细胞生长。因此,该药具有抑制血管生成和肿瘤生长的能力。

“这种药物对血管形成产生影响,这并不令人感到意外。但它通过PDGF受体对DNA修复的直接影响是完全出乎意料的,”Glazer说。

“现在的目标是研究如何扩大这种合成致死率在其他癌症类型治疗中的潜力,”他说。

原始出处:Kaplan AR, Gueble SE, Liu Y, et al. Cediranib suppresses homology-directed DNA repair through down-regulation of BRCA1/2 and RAD51. Sci Transl Med. 2019 May 15

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844283, encodeId=7cb8184428311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 10:55:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067441, encodeId=01a1206e4416c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 06:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657180, encodeId=a566165e18061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 07:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533726, encodeId=258f1533e2627, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1b260e6fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DNA修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6076, encryptionId=b1b260e6fb, topicName=DNA修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff6f12479618, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609797, encodeId=c9201609e97ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844283, encodeId=7cb8184428311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 10:55:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067441, encodeId=01a1206e4416c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 06:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657180, encodeId=a566165e18061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 07:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533726, encodeId=258f1533e2627, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1b260e6fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DNA修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6076, encryptionId=b1b260e6fb, topicName=DNA修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff6f12479618, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609797, encodeId=c9201609e97ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844283, encodeId=7cb8184428311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 10:55:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067441, encodeId=01a1206e4416c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 06:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657180, encodeId=a566165e18061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 07:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533726, encodeId=258f1533e2627, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1b260e6fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DNA修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6076, encryptionId=b1b260e6fb, topicName=DNA修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff6f12479618, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609797, encodeId=c9201609e97ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-04 bsmagic9140
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844283, encodeId=7cb8184428311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 10:55:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067441, encodeId=01a1206e4416c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 06:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657180, encodeId=a566165e18061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 07:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533726, encodeId=258f1533e2627, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1b260e6fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DNA修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6076, encryptionId=b1b260e6fb, topicName=DNA修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff6f12479618, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609797, encodeId=c9201609e97ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-29 jambiya
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844283, encodeId=7cb8184428311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06a2e1405a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71405, encryptionId=06a2e1405a8, topicName=癌症治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbf451, createdName=陈吴1234, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 10:55:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067441, encodeId=01a1206e4416c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 06:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657180, encodeId=a566165e18061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 07:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533726, encodeId=258f1533e2627, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1b260e6fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DNA修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6076, encryptionId=b1b260e6fb, topicName=DNA修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff6f12479618, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609797, encodeId=c9201609e97ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed May 29 14:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

J Natl Cancer I:基于DNA甲基化的生物年龄是乳腺癌风险的重要预测因子!

近日,来自美国国家卫生研究院的科学家在线发表了一篇文章指出:基于DNA甲基化的生物年龄测量可能是乳腺癌风险重要的预测因子。

Cell:在DNA留下的“指纹”中寻找癌症线索

十几年前,我们还在谈“癌”色变,而如今已成为司空见惯的事情,亲戚朋友或同事间,总能听到有人得癌症的消息。癌症到底是怎么是患上的,我们似乎都能说出个诱因:从饮食、吸烟到酒精,从空气污染到太阳辐射,我们环境中的许多因素都可能导致癌症。但现在,科学家们表示或许能找出导致单一肿瘤的罪魁祸首。因为他们已经成功地将特定的环境诱因与引发癌症的特定基因突变联系起来。该研究近日已发表在《Cell》上。这为癌症研究人

中国科学家首创I型糖尿病全新治疗性DNA疫苗

日前,解放军总医院第五医学中心免疫室主任奚永志团队申报的《基于B7-1-PE40KDEL外毒素融合基因的DNA疫苗及其用途》正式获得国际标准“三方”发明专利授权。该成果是具有完全自主知识产权的原创性成果,也是我国全新治疗性DNA疫苗领域获得的首个国际标准“三方”发明专利授权,它代表中国在I型糖尿病生物治疗新药研究领域取得重要突破,也标志着我国在全新型治疗性基因疫苗的创新研究上走在了世界前列。治疗性

Sci Transl Med:聚焦ctDNA长度,提高“滴血验癌”灵敏度!

循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)在循环系统的数量往往远远超过血液中非癌症DNA的数量,特别是在肿瘤负荷低的癌症中,或在某些类型的癌症如胶质瘤和肾癌中其数量更是低至难以被准确探测。 改进现有的“滴血验癌”的检测方法对当前利用液体活检发现早期癌症至关重要。

Gastroenterology:利用整合到肝细胞癌基因组中的HBV DNA表达谱筛选T淋巴细胞进行免疫治疗

肝细胞癌(HCC)常与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染相关。HBV相关肝癌的癌细胞多含有HBV DNA片段,但这些片段不编码完整的HBV抗原。研究者研究了这些整合的HBV DNA片段是否编码T淋巴细胞识别的表位,以及是否可用于筛选HBV特异性T淋巴细胞受体(TCR),以用于免疫治疗肝细胞癌。

恭喜生命字母表喜提4名新成员!上新了,DNA!

近日,一篇最新发表在《科学》期刊上的研究表明,生命“字母表”迎来4名新成员,已经从4个变成了8个! 新闻截图   这项研究被誉为里程碑式的成果,它到底牛在何处呢? 图片来源网络   今天,我们就为大家来简单介绍一下。   A、T、C、G?这都是些啥?   在介绍这4名人工合成的新成员之前,先来认识一下4个元老级的天然碱基吧。   在生物学领域,最激动人心的事件莫过于生命的诞生,也就是

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map