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警惕:中药注射剂的应用风险 !

2016-07-28 佚名 医学之声

中药注射剂是我国的特有品种,其严重不良反应值得我们警惕,据财新网去年9月报道,鉴于中药注射剂的安全性及有效性备受争议,北京的同仁医院、朝阳医院、天坛医院等宣布不使用中药注射剂,此外上海、深圳、广州多家三甲医院中医科均慎用中药注射剂。中药注射剂在三甲医院的使用正日趋严格。与西药注射液相比,中药注射液的成分要更加复杂,因为剂型本身特性、临床配药过程中操作不规范、临床不合理的联合用药、企业说明书对不良反

中药注射剂是我国的特有品种,其严重不良反应值得我们警惕,据财新网去年9月报道,鉴于中药注射剂的安全性及有效性备受争议,北京的同仁医院、朝阳医院、天坛医院等宣布不使用中药注射剂,此外上海、深圳、广州多家三甲医院中医科均慎用中药注射剂。中药注射剂在三甲医院的使用正日趋严格。

与西药注射液相比,中药注射液的成分要更加复杂,因为剂型本身特性、临床配药过程中操作不规范、临床不合理的联合用药、企业说明书对不良反应标注不明确等原因,中药注射剂不良反应较多。

2015年,全国药品不良反应监测网络共收到中药注射剂报告12.7万例次,其中严重报告9,798例次;

2015年,中药注射剂所致的不良反应/事件,约占到全部中药不良反应/事件的51.3%。

2015年,报告数量排名前五名的药品分别是:清开灵注射剂、参麦注射剂、血塞通注射剂、双黄连注射剂、舒血宁注射剂。

注射是相对不安全的给药途径。中药材中的某些有害成分,如果通过口服途径给药,在人体肠胃屏障的作用下会经肠道排出体外,相对较为安全。但通过注射给药,则会使有害成分直接进人人体甚至血液循环,往往导致过敏反应,严重时会危及生命。

因此,注射剂的技术要求和质量标准也是最严格的。注射剂必须成分清晰、药品纯净度高、疗效有充分证据、毒副作用明确。这是国际医学界的共识,也是最基本的原则。

而中药注射液却是有违这些原则。

《中国药典》编委会执行委员周超凡指出:“中药注射剂的应用历史较短,有些不该研制、不该生产、不该销售、不该进人的药品,历经公关处理,都被批准生产了。”(2007年之前)

中药注射剂组方的理论基础是中医理论,但传统中医从未有过将药品直接注入人体的理论基础和实践经验,中医理论完全不能解释药物注射的机理。

中药注射剂不仅普遍缺乏可靠的疗效证据,同时也存在着成分复杂和未知的问题。

清热解毒注射液:含金银花、黄芩、连翘、龙胆、石膏、知母、栀子、板蓝根、地黄、麦冬、紫花地丁、玄参共十二味药。石膏的主要成分是硫酸钙,直接注入人体显然是缺乏科学依据的。

清开灵注射剂(居2015年中药注射剂不良反应第一位):含胆酸、珍珠母(粉)、猪去氧胆酸、栀子、水牛角(粉)、板蓝根、黄芩苷、金银花等。珍珠母、水牛角,这些药材的提取物注人人体也是非常危险的。

如果说中药注射剂的成分“未知”,中药注射剂的质量标准也可以概括为用“未知”对付“未知”。清热解毒注射液所含化学成分可能多达数百种,但国家药品标准只需测定1种化学成分。

中药注射剂的微粒问题也不容忽视。

中药注射剂的制备工艺,大部分停留在20世纪70年代的水煎醇沉法。老旧工艺的直接带来的是注射剂中的杂质残留、微粒过多过大,使中药注射剂存在着巨大的风险隐患。

微粒进人血管后可引起局部栓塞性损伤和坏死,如肉芽肿、微血管阻塞、炎症反应等。除了急性不良反应之外,经常使用中药注射剂必然会有成分不明的物质和微粒累积在体内。

中药注射剂的野蛮本质在于:将大量未知成分注入人体,违反了注射剂的基本技术要求。国家药品标准允许不明物质甚至有害物质直接注人人体,这在医疗界是不可想象的事情。

在临床使用环节,中药注射剂也同样问题多多。原本中药注射剂应该按照中医传统的“八纲”辨证使用,才称得上是真正的“中药”;但在当前的很多临床一线,“发烧用清开灵,感冒用双黄连,心血管疾病用香丹针”的西医式口诀却甚为流行,这无疑增加了不合理用药的风险。

2003年~2005年,有关葛根素注射剂的新发不良反应病例报告1006例,其中11例死亡;2006年6月,国家药品不良反应监测中心共接到鱼腥草注射液不良反应报告5488例,其中死亡44人……

2012年9月合肥10余名婴幼儿注射炎琥宁治疗后,出现休克;1979~2013年共检索到双黄连注射剂致死病例27例,其中22 例患者死于过敏性休克……

北京某三甲医院对本院432例清开灵注射液不良反应进行回顾性分析,其中≤3岁的患者占13.4%;4-9岁的患者占19.7%;356例呼吸系统疾病,占82.4%,其中不乏急性上呼吸道感染(普通感冒)。

当然,合理选用也是非常重要的, 辨证论治是中医治疗疾病的特点,也是中医的灵魂,不可忽视。如对无体虚的患者使用补益类如参麦、黄芪等注射液会出现心悸、眩晕、血压升高等不良反应。这些都是由于用药时辨证不明、查证不清所导致的。目前中药注射剂由西医处方使用所占比例很大,西医因缺乏中医辨证施治的相关理论基础,使用中药注射剂时,容易发生对病不对证的情况,很容易导致药品不良反应。

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2016天然药物研讨会:http://www.bioon.com/z/2016natural-products/Index.shtml


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    2016-09-04 ylzr123

    赞!好文章,拜读,值得深入学习!

    0

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    2016-08-14 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2016-07-30 zchen
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110739, encodeId=b850110e39b6, content=赞!好文章,拜读,值得深入学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Sep 04 11:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=98373, encodeId=4f88983e3a4, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Aug 14 12:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1371279, encodeId=c21213e127969, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d984649e455' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注射剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64974, encryptionId=d984649e455, topicName=注射剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5380325, createdName=zchen, createdTime=Sat Jul 30 02:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1571864, encodeId=eb1915e1864f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4e5222491c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中药注射剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22491, encryptionId=4e5222491c7, topicName=中药注射剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac5915776605, createdName=charl1234572, createdTime=Sat Jul 30 02:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95012, encodeId=4e2a9501228, content=被乱用的中医药治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jul 29 06:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94952, encodeId=7d719495256, content=警惕,中药注射剂有很多安全隐患, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Thu Jul 28 17:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-07-29 1de00086m73(暂无匿称)

    被乱用的中医药治疗

    0

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    2016-07-28 oo902

    警惕,中药注射剂有很多安全隐患

    0

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