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PLOS Biology:科学家利用人干细胞“年轻因子”治疗骨关节炎取得进展

2019-04-04 佚名 生物物理研究所

4月1日,中国科学院生物物理研究所刘光慧研究组同北京大学汤富酬研究组、中科院动物研究所曲静研究组合作,在PLOS Biology 在线发表题为Up-regulation of FOXD1 by YAP alleviates senescence and osteoarthritis 的研究论文。该研究首次报道了YAP-FOXD1通路在人干细胞去衰老(De-senescence)及骨关节炎基因治疗中

4月1日,中国科学院生物物理研究所刘光慧研究组同北京大学汤富酬研究组、中科院动物研究所曲静研究组合作,在PLOS Biology 在线发表题为Up-regulation of FOXD1 by YAP alleviates senescence and osteoarthritis 的研究论文。该研究首次报道了YAP-FOXD1通路在人干细胞去衰老(De-senescence)及骨关节炎基因治疗中的作用及分子机制,为延缓人类衰老、防治衰老相关疾病提供了新的潜在靶标。

细胞衰老和干细胞耗竭作为机体衰老的重要标志物,在老年疾病的发生发展中发挥了重要的驱动作用。骨关节炎作为一种常见的衰老相关疾病,其发病率随年龄而增加。随着衰老,关节内的多种细胞如软骨细胞、滑膜细胞、间充质干细胞均发生细胞衰老和功能退化。其中,间充质干细胞的衰老被认为是骨关节炎发病的诱因之一。因此研究干细胞衰老的机制并寻找应对策略对于骨关节炎的治疗具有重大意义。

Hippo信号通路在发育和细胞命运决定中发挥重要作用,而转录共激活因子YAP是该通路的核心蛋白。研究人员首先利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术产生了YAP特异性敲除的人胚胎干细胞和间充质干细胞。YAP缺失的人间充质干细胞表现出严重的加速衰老表型,提示YAP在维持人成体干细胞年轻态中的关键作用。进而,研究发现FOXD1作为新型YAP靶基因介导了YAP缺失引起的细胞衰老。YAP及其目标转录因子TEAD共同作用于FOXD1的基因启动子区域,激活FOXD1转录。重要的是,复制性衰老、生理性衰老以及病理性衰老的人间充质干细胞均伴随YAP和FOXD1蛋白的缺失;而过表达YAP或FOXD1单个因子均可有效延缓人间充质干细胞的衰老。

小鼠实验进一步确立了YAP或FOXD1蛋白的过表达可以作为骨关节炎基因治疗的方案。以慢病毒载体为基因导入媒介,研究人员将编码YAP或FOXD1的慢病毒注射到患有骨关节炎小鼠的关节腔内。数周的YAP或FOXD1基因治疗可显着降低受损关节软骨的衰老细胞比例,有效抑制关节软骨退化及关节腔炎症,从多个方面改善骨关节炎的病理表型。

该研究首次确立了YAP-FOXD1“年轻通路”在人干细胞去衰老及骨关节炎治疗中的关键作用。这是继近期刘光慧等团队发现干细胞“年轻因子”CBX4后骨关节炎基因治疗领域的又一突破。

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    2019-07-21 sunylz
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    2019-08-03 lisa438
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