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每天一杯热可可,不仅改善血管功能...

2021-04-22 K.K MedSci原创

在精神紧张时,喝一杯含有高水平黄烷醇的可可饮料比喝其他饮料更有益于血管功能。

压力在当今社会非常普遍,并与心理和身体健康密切相关。经历一次压力事件可能会增加急性血管事件的风险。压力可能会干扰心血管正常的运转,事实上,压力被证明可诱发短暂性心肌缺血。

精神压力会引起成年人的心率变化和血压上升。在健康的年轻人、老年人、患有糖尿病和抑郁症的绝经后妇女、患有高胆固醇代谢综合征的人群中,在受到压力后15~90分钟内会出现血管内皮功能短暂性减弱。

类黄酮是存在于大多数水果和蔬菜中的小分子物质,流行病学证据表明,类黄酮的高摄入量与较低的心血管疾病相关死亡率和发病率之间有显着关系。可可、浆果、葡萄、苹果和茶叶中含有黄烷醇,它属于黄酮类化合物,在摄入后1-3小时内可能改善血管内皮功能,富含黄烷醇的饮食策略还有可能降低压力对血管的损伤程度。

内皮是血管和淋巴管内壁所衬的单层细胞,当它有效地发挥作用时,有助于降低外周血管疾病、中风、心脏病、糖尿病、肾衰竭、肿瘤生长、血栓形成和严重病毒感染性疾病的风险。而精神压力会对血管功能产生负面影响。

近日,一项发表在《Nutrients》上的研究中,来自英国伯明翰大学领导的研究团队研究了急性摄入可可黄烷醇对压力引起的血管功能变化的影响,他们发现摄入高水平的黄烷醇,可以保护人免受精神压力导致的血管功能损伤。在精神紧张时,喝一杯含有高水平黄烷醇的可可饮料比喝其他饮料更有益于血管功能。

 

Rosalind Baynham et al. Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental Stress in Young Healthy Adults.Nutrients 2021.DOI: 10.3390 / nu13041103

为了解可可黄烷醇对压力引起的血管功能变化,研究人员开展了一项随机、双盲、对照、交叉干预试验。30名18~45岁的健康男性被分为两组,一组为饮用高黄烷醇组(150mg,通过将8.3mg可可粉溶解在300ml水中制成);另一组为饮用低黄烷醇组(低于4毫克,用减脂的碱化可可粉兑水制成)。

参与者在8分钟的精神压力任务前90分钟饮用了可可饮料。研究人员在干预前以及压力后30分钟和90分钟测量了参与者的肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能(FMD)和血压。

无论处在休息还是压力状态下,与食用低黄烷醇可可组相比,食用高黄烷醇的可可组前臂血流量都明显升高。在受到压力后30分钟内,食用低黄酮可可组FMD明显下降,在受到压力后30分钟和90分钟,食用高黄烷醇可可组FMD明显高于食用低黄烷醇可可。黄烷醇能有效地抵消精神压力引起的内皮功能损伤,改善压力期间的外周血流。

 

摄入高或低黄烷醇可可前后,和受到压力后30和90分钟,肱动脉血流介导的扩张时间过程

为激发出参与者的精神压力,研究人员组织了8分钟的听觉加法任务(PASAT),参与者被要求将两个连续的单数(1~9)相加,数字之间的报数节奏每2分钟缩短一次;从2.8秒到2.4秒、2秒和1.6秒。参与者每回答10个问题就会被一次噪音干扰。参与者会竞争10英镑的代金券,每答错一次就会减分。在完成任务后,参与者被要求对他们的任务难度、压力、竞争性和心情愉悦程度进行评价。

研究发现,与休息时相比,受到精神压力的人心率显着升高、心率变异性显着降低、收缩压、舒张压显着升高、前臂血流量和前臂血管传导性明显增加。心率变异性是指逐次心跳周期差异的变化情况,可能是预测心脏性猝死和心律失常性事件的一个有价值的指标。此外,在受到压力后30分钟和90分钟的动脉直径明显增大,与受到压力90分钟后相比,受到压力后30分钟的血液反流更明显。

研究人员表示,这项研究对于那些更容易受到精神压力影响的人采取保护血管的措施具有重要意义。该研究结果可以作为日常饮食保健策略,通过摄入各种富含黄烷醇的食物来实现,如苹果、黑葡萄、黑莓、樱桃、梨、豆类、绿茶和未加工的可可。

可可能够缓解多发性硬化导致的疲劳症状

可可除了可以降低压力对血管的损伤,还可以缓解多发性硬化导致的疲劳症状,多发性硬化症(MS)的患者中有90%会感到疲劳,MS疲劳的病因很复杂,有多种原因造成,如神经、炎症、代谢和心理原因。尽管已经探索了几种管理疲劳的方法,如运动干预,但是联合其他疗法可能会更加有效。2019年3月,发表在《Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry》杂志上的一项研究称,可可可能有助于抑制和多发性硬化症(MS)相关疲劳症状。研究人员随机分配了40名最近被诊断为复发MS和疲劳的成年人,每天喝一杯高级黄酮类可可粉与加热的米浆或低黄酮类混合物六周。

 

干预期间的身体活动水平

Shelly Coe et al.A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial of flavonoid rich cocoa for fatigue in people with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis.JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY.DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-419496

六个星期后,11个饮用高黄酮类可可的人的疲劳状况略有改善,而低黄酮类可饮用者则有8名出现改善情况。虽然没有客观数据,高黄酮类组的疼痛症状也有所改善。

研究人员写道:“我们的研究表明,饮食干预的使用是可行的。”他们认为,考虑到黄酮类化合物具有抗炎特性,它们可以与如运动、药物和物理治疗一起联用,以治疗疲劳。

总的来说,可可似乎一种促进健康的补品,我们现在对它又有了更多的科学认识。

 

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    2021-04-30 莉莉安 Lillian C.

    好喝~

    0

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    2021-04-24 二爽

    热可可的"重要性”

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=961829, encodeId=ae199618294f, content=好喝~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/bf55cfcb09b74a0cbf751a980fe04576/e4480eaa47ab42da91303dd1c72e723e.jpg, createdBy=89fd5188713, createdName=莉莉安 Lillian C., createdTime=Fri Apr 30 16:53:37 CST 2021, time=2021-04-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959999, encodeId=54e795999944, content=热可可的"重要性”, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210125/9e5998de75824d5f8a8e76ad7ca79433/206fffa392c54ae5a60152c166e2f362.jpg, createdBy=ab0d5455599, createdName=二爽, createdTime=Sat Apr 24 11:21:43 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1512012, encodeId=060f151201203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da82895e077' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89570, encryptionId=da82895e077, topicName=血管功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a8810427189, createdName=1249859em41(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Apr 24 10:45:16 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959823, encodeId=faa19598232e, content=可可热量如何? , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200606/779634fdc8944a13a6da20900ae58236/e941130f9cc742b19b7379e5a172b9c0.jpg, createdBy=97c65381808, createdName=Ms🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 17:44:55 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959776, encodeId=ad19959e7656, content=嗯,要正经的可可,不能是代可可脂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dffa5465843, createdName=ms2000001361349190, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 13:33:19 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959755, encodeId=7764959e55a8, content=可可喝起来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 12:14:16 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959586, encodeId=504295958656, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/3R8FMszG3GZeyJibevd47qA9Uts6OHxaxycFUGMj8MSA1Lj2HSVgkxibmoTcvjjVaQwtljvI3t5sS0ngQvia3zr4Q/132, createdBy=a9185155976, createdName=朱朱zl, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 21:31:15 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959560, encodeId=2900959560e3, content=多喝热水, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fefe5459581, createdName=ms7000001881586700, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 20:28:14 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-23 Ms🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐

    可可热量如何?

    0

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    2021-04-23 ms2000001361349190

    嗯,要正经的可可,不能是代可可脂

    0

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    2021-04-23 科研科研科研

    可可喝起来

    0

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    2021-04-22 朱朱zl

    学到了

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=961829, encodeId=ae199618294f, content=好喝~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200803/bf55cfcb09b74a0cbf751a980fe04576/e4480eaa47ab42da91303dd1c72e723e.jpg, createdBy=89fd5188713, createdName=莉莉安 Lillian C., createdTime=Fri Apr 30 16:53:37 CST 2021, time=2021-04-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959999, encodeId=54e795999944, content=热可可的"重要性”, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210125/9e5998de75824d5f8a8e76ad7ca79433/206fffa392c54ae5a60152c166e2f362.jpg, createdBy=ab0d5455599, createdName=二爽, createdTime=Sat Apr 24 11:21:43 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1512012, encodeId=060f151201203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da82895e077' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89570, encryptionId=da82895e077, topicName=血管功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a8810427189, createdName=1249859em41(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Apr 24 10:45:16 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959823, encodeId=faa19598232e, content=可可热量如何? , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200606/779634fdc8944a13a6da20900ae58236/e941130f9cc742b19b7379e5a172b9c0.jpg, createdBy=97c65381808, createdName=Ms🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 17:44:55 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959776, encodeId=ad19959e7656, content=嗯,要正经的可可,不能是代可可脂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dffa5465843, createdName=ms2000001361349190, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 13:33:19 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959755, encodeId=7764959e55a8, content=可可喝起来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Fri Apr 23 12:14:16 CST 2021, time=2021-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959586, encodeId=504295958656, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/3R8FMszG3GZeyJibevd47qA9Uts6OHxaxycFUGMj8MSA1Lj2HSVgkxibmoTcvjjVaQwtljvI3t5sS0ngQvia3zr4Q/132, createdBy=a9185155976, createdName=朱朱zl, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 21:31:15 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959560, encodeId=2900959560e3, content=多喝热水, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fefe5459581, createdName=ms7000001881586700, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 20:28:14 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-22 ms7000001881586700

    多喝热水

    0

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