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警惕儿童用药误区,我国每年约3万儿童因用药不当失聪

2018-04-04 佚名 央视新闻客户端

儿童药短缺近几年已经成了大家的共识,刚刚过去的全国两会上,多位人大代表、政协委员在议案和提案中不约而同的提到了儿童用药问题。目前我国儿童用药依然面临着生产厂家少、品种少、适宜剂型少的“三少”局面,由此带来的用药安全问题令人担忧。调查显示,在全国6000多家制药企业中专业的儿童用药制造商仅10多家。而在常规药品中,与3600多个成人处方药相对应的是,儿童专用药仅有60多种,不足1.7%。95%以上

儿童药短缺近几年已经成了大家的共识,刚刚过去的全国两会上,多位人大代表、政协委员在议案和提案中不约而同的提到了儿童用药问题。目前我国儿童用药依然面临着生产厂家少、品种少、适宜剂型少的“三少”局面,由此带来的用药安全问题令人担忧。

调查显示,在全国6000多家制药企业中专业的儿童用药制造商仅10多家。而在常规药品中,与3600多个成人处方药相对应的是,儿童专用药仅有60多种,不足1.7%。95%以上的药品没有儿童用药安全包装,不配备专用量器。

儿童用药目前出现普遍“成人化”现象,只能在成人剂型的基础之上减轻分量服用。北京儿童医院联合全国15家大型儿童医疗机构的一项调查显示,超过一半的药品在儿科使用时没有明确标注儿童的用法和用量。

南京市儿童医院院长 黄松明:

儿童用药不是他的体重是我的1/10,我就应该用1/10的量,他的体重是1/5,我就用1/5的量。这个就是我们现在儿科一直在呼吁的,儿童不是成人的缩小版,他有特殊的生理状态,儿童有特殊的药代动力学,以及安全的毒理学的东西,这块相对来讲比较薄弱的。

儿童用药短缺给儿童健康带来了巨大隐患,我国儿童药物不良反应率为12.5%,是成人的2倍。在儿童群体中,药物中毒占所有中毒就诊儿童的比例近年来一直在上升,目前已超过70%,因用药不当,我国每年约有3万名儿童造成耳聋。

三大原因致短缺 研发仍需政策扶持

儿童与成人相比不只是个子小、体重轻,两者的本质区别则在于儿童机体许多脏器功能都没有发育完善,对药品的适应性要求也更加苛刻。

近日举行的中国儿童用药安全大会上,专家们指出三大原因导致儿童用药短缺,解决这一问题需要多方共同努力。

首先,我国针对儿童药品的立法不足。我国没有专门的针对儿童药品的法律。

第二,儿童药品的研发成本接近成人药的两倍,而且研发风险大、价格难以补偿,因此相关机构和企业对儿童药品研发积极性不高。

第三,临床试验难度较大,绝大多数父母不愿意将孩子作为临床受试者。

从2013年以来,儿童用药问题逐渐引起全社会的关注,陆续出台了一些鼓励措施,但从产业角度,国家政策带来的推动很多还没有落到实处。

全国工商联医药商会副会长 关彦斌:

儿童药在研发过程当中国家的认可,在支持保障上有很多不足,这个不足在于儿童药研发当中的资金补偿,儿童药研发成功上市之后准入扶持,以及价格支持,这些如果不到位,儿童药研发还是在漫长的路上。

中国儿童用药安全大会上专家和业内人士呼吁,成立全国儿童药品不良反应监测中心,建立形成儿童药品研发生产的激励机制等。

儿童用药五个误区须警惕

儿童用药不当除了客观原因,也有一些是家长用药安全观念和行为上的主观原因。

调查显示,80%以上的家长都存在用药误区,了解一下给孩子吃药最容易犯哪5个错误。

误区一把药溶于牛奶、糖水、粥汤中服用

由于牛奶、饮料、糖水等液体中含有多种物质,可能会与药物结合,影响药物的吸收,有的甚至会破坏药物的结构,从而影响药物治疗效果。比如糖中有较多的钙、铁等矿物元素,可与中药中的蛋白质起化学反应,混浊沉淀,致使疗效大打折扣。

误区二擅自调整孩子的用药剂量

很多家长在给孩子服药时,会根据自己和别人的经验,自行调整用量,临床医生指出,如果剂量不足影响药效,剂量太大会引起毒副作用,家长如果发现儿童用药效果不佳,应该及时咨询医生。

误区三为了早日康复 擅自给孩子联合用药

很多家长认为药吃得多病好得快,于是中药加西药,多种药一起吃。药物进入体内都要经由肝脏代谢灭活、肾脏排泄清除。由于儿童的肝肾功能还不健全,联合用药可能造成肝肾损伤甚至肝肾中毒。儿童联合用药一定要遵医嘱。

误区四症状消失后给孩子自行停药

由于药物治疗疾病需要一个过程,症状消失并不代表疾病真正痊愈,自行停药很不科学。特别是服用抗生素,自行停药不仅可能让疾病卷土重来,还会产生耐药。

误区五滥用维生素

维生素在宝宝的生长发育中不是随意服用多多益善。不少维生素有一定的不良作用甚至毒性反应。比如婴幼儿服用维生素A,一次剂量超30万国际单位,可引起急性中毒。此外,维生素最好不要空腹服用,可能诱发尿路结石等。

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    2018-04-12 易水河

    值得警惕啊

    0

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    2018-04-06 howi
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    2018-04-04 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-04-04 虈亣靌

    好好学习天天向上

    0

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