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Ear Hear:与非高斯噪声有关的职业性听力损失:系统回顾和元分析

2021-05-30 AlexYang MedSci原创

听力损失是全世界最普遍的感官残疾,而噪音是导致听力损失的最常见的风险因素之一。噪声引起的听力损失(NIHL)是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,职业性NIHL占成人致残性听力损失的7-21%。例如,美国职业性

听力损失是全世界最普遍的感官残疾,而噪音是导致听力损失的最常见的风险因素之一。噪声引起的听力损失(NIHL)是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,职业性NIHL占成人致残性听力损失的7-21%。例如,美国职业性NIHL在职业性疾病中的占比最高。1995年,英国的一项家庭调查显示,职业性NIHL占所有工作相关疾病的8%。在中国,噪声引起的耳聋是近年来报告频率第二高的职业病,排在尘肺病之后。据报道,中国接触噪声的工人中,其职业性NIHL的发病率高于20%。

与非高斯噪声相关的职业性噪声诱发的听力损失(NIHL)的流行病学特征还不清楚,且文献很少报道。近期,有研究人员根据已发表的论文,分析了非高斯噪声暴露与职业性NIHL之间的关系,并对流行病学研究进行了系统回顾和元分析

在选择的78个流行病学研究(47814名工人)中,有7个队列研究和71个横断面研究。在7个队列研究中,高频NIHL(HFNIHL)和语音频率NIHL(SFNIHL)的发生率分别为10.9%和2.9%。在71个横断面研究中,HFNIHL和SFNIHL的发生率分别为34.2%和18.9%。高频平均听力阈值水平为42.1±17.4 dB HL。暴露于非高斯噪声的工人患HFNIHL的风险高于未暴露于噪声的工人(总体加权几率[OR]=4.46),也高于暴露于高斯噪声的工人(总体加权OR=2.20)。卡方检验趋势测试表明,HFNIHL的患病率与年龄、累积的噪声暴露和暴露时间呈正相关(P<0.001)。

横断面研究中职业NIHL的流行病学特征

综上所述,暴露于非高斯噪声工人的NIHL患病率比暴露于高斯噪声或未暴露于噪声的工人更高。年龄、暴露时间、噪声水平和噪声时间结构是职业性NIHL的主要风险因素。A加权等效连续声压级(LAeq)不是量化非高斯噪声暴露的充分测量指标,应该组合使用峰度和噪声能量指标(如LAeq)。另外,有必要减少非高斯噪声的暴露来保护工人的听力健康。

原始出处:

Zhihao Shi, Jiena Zhou, Yuwen Huang et al. Occupational Hearing Loss Associated With Non-Gaussian Noise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ear Hear. May 2021

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    2021-06-01 ysjykql
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    2021-06-01 xinmeili

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