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Nature:心房细胞产生的降钙素可为心律失常提供新的治疗方法

2020-11-07 心关注 心关注

降钙素(calcitonin)为参与钙剂骨质代谢的一种多肽类激素,1961年由Copp等发现,1961年Kumar和Foster等进一步证明哺乳动物的降钙素来源于甲状腺。

降钙素(calcitonin)为参与钙剂骨质代谢的一种多肽类激素,1961年由Copp等发现,1961年Kumar和Foster等进一步证明哺乳动物的降钙素来源于甲状腺,截止目前,降钙素激素仅被认为是由甲状腺产生的,对心脏没有已知的影响。然而,近日发表在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的一项最新研究发现,心脏也会产生一种有助于调节骨量的激素,心脏上腔(即心房)的细胞产生的降钙素大约是甲状腺细胞的16倍,它可以用来治疗患有危险心律失常的人群。

心房颤动是最常见的心律失常,是导致人类死亡率和发病率的重要因素,尤其是增加卒中的风险。心房组织纤维化是房颤的一个主要病理生理学特征,也阻碍了其治疗;由于现有治疗方法的不足,其潜在的分子机制尚不清楚,值得进一步研究。牛津大学的研究人员发现降钙素,一种参与骨代谢的甲状腺激素产物,也由心房肌细胞大量产生,并作为旁分泌信号,阻止邻近产生胶原的成纤维细胞,以控制其增殖和分泌细胞外基质蛋白。这种激素在减少心房瘢痕方面起着至关重要的作用。这种疤痕使电脉冲更难顺利地通过心房,并可能导致它们以混乱的方式跳动,这就是所谓的心房颤动(AF)。

研究人员分析了心脏手术患者心房活检的心肌细胞,发现它们释放降钙素。有趣的是,严重房颤患者的活检细胞产生的降钙素减少了6倍。进一步观察发现降钙素受体存在于心房细胞中,该细胞负责产生胶原蛋白(collagen),而胶原蛋白是瘢痕组织的主要成分。当研究小组用降钙素处理这些被称为成纤维细胞(fibroblasts)的细胞时,这些细胞产生的胶原蛋白减少了46%。

减少疤痕组织

进一步的实验表明,与降钙素水平正常的小鼠相比,不能在心脏中产生降钙素的小鼠的心房瘢痕组织增加了2.5倍。它们发生房颤的年龄也更小,房颤发作的时间大约长16倍。令人惊讶的是,心脏产生更多降钙素的小鼠完全避免了心房瘢痕和房颤。

英国约有140万人被诊断患有房颤,房颤会促进心脏内血栓的形成,进而流向大脑,阻断那里的血流,从而大大增加卒中的风险。研究人员现在希望这种新的心脏激素及其受体能够成为治疗这种潜在的毁灭性疾病的关键。

心脏激素列表中增加了一种新的激素

牛津大学拉德克利夫医学系BHF中级研究员Svetlana Reilly教授表示,很长一段时间以来,我们都知道心脏只产生少量的激素,现在我们可以在名单上增加一种新的激素。发现心脏释放的降钙素将为心脏治疗的发展打开新的大门。我们现在需要探索如何才能最好地恢复这种激素的作用,以治疗这种类型的房颤,并了解什么时候是最好的治疗时机。

改变游戏规则的发现

医学副主任Metin Avkiran教授表示,许多治疗房颤的方法都集中在恢复正常的心房节律,控制心跳的速度或稀释血液以降低卒中的风险,但它们不能解决严重房颤患者的心房疤痕。这些发现可能会改变房颤的管理方式。开发一种预防或逆转心房瘢痕的新疗法,可以为许多有房颤风险或患有房颤的患者提供生命保障。

原始出处:

Lucia M Moreira, Abhijit Takawale, Mohit Hulsurkar,et al.Paracrine signalling by cardiac calcitonin controls atrial fibrogenesis and arrhythmia.Nature. 2020 Nov 4. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2890-8.

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    2021-07-12 liye789132251
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    2020-12-01 lovetcm

    #降钙素#可为#心律失常#治疗??

    0

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    2020-11-09 sodoo

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