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七类冠心病人群的降压目标:指南与实践

2015-07-13 大鹏 译 医学论坛网

根据2007年美国心脏病学会(ACC)/美国心脏学会(AHA)高血压指南推荐内容,冠心病(CAD)高危患者及冠心病患者的血压应控制在130/80 mm Hg以下。而2015年升级版指南指出,对于年龄>80岁的患者,血压控制在150/90 mm Hg以下即可,而心衰、急性冠脉综合征或CAD患者,控制在140/90 mm Hg以下,130/80mmHg仅适用于心梗、卒中及“部分CAD”患者。

根据2007年美国心脏病学会(ACC)/美国心脏学会(AHA)高血压指南推荐内容,冠心病(CAD)高危患者及冠心病患者的血压应控制在130/80 mm Hg以下。而2015年升级版指南指出,对于年龄>80岁的患者,血压控制在150/90 mm Hg以下即可,而心衰、急性冠脉综合征或CAD患者,控制在140/90 mm Hg以下,130/80mmHg仅适用于心梗、卒中及“部分CAD”患者。

根据现有的临床试验证据,我们尚不能得到Ⅰ类指南推荐。2007年指南制定130/80 mm Hg目标的试验根据是一项血管内超声领域CAMELOT试验的亚组研究,该研究入组了血压正常的CAD患者,随机接受氨氯地平、卡托普利或安慰剂,随访两年。研究显示,收缩压<120mmHg的患者的冠脉动脉粥样斑块体积显著降低,而120mmHg至140mmHg亚组无显著变化。

分门别类降血压

既然新指南缺乏Ⅰ类指南推荐,我们也不能“一刀切”,那么不妨细分一下每类患者的血压治疗目标。下面是一个较谨慎的分类策略:

1.对于年龄<80岁的CAD患者,第一血压治疗目标为<140/90 mm Hg;

2.对于尚能耐受<130/80mmHg的降压治疗的CAD患者,维持现有治疗;

3.对于尚能耐受<140/80mmHg的降压治疗且不存在直立性低血压、肾功能不全或冠脉缺血的CAD患者,考虑调整至<130/80mmHg降压治疗;

4.对于存在出血性卒中家族史或个人病史的CAD患者,考虑<130/80mmHg降压治疗;

5.对于心血管高危CAD患者,推荐24小时血压监测以评估其生理血压状况;

6.对于年龄>80岁或存在直立性低血压的患者,考虑升高血压治疗目标值;

7.对于宽脉压或舒张压<70mmHg的CAD患者,应注意J型曲线现象,谨慎降压。

总之,现行ACC/AHA指南将更多患者血压治疗目标定为<140/90 mm Hg,但由于试验证据不足,新指南提供了更多的灵活空间以适应不同患者亚群。当然对于可以耐受降压治疗且高危CAD患者,更低的血压目标依然适用,另外,新指南强调了评估直立性低血压的重要性。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2010246, encodeId=9c12201024678, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5fb9814989' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压目标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98149, encryptionId=d5fb9814989, topicName=降压目标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=570c172, createdName=tigerlr98, createdTime=Fri Feb 05 07:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34518, encodeId=6ccf3451840, content=我们应该从预防与治疗高血压做起, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 11:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34519, encodeId=d3a2345190f, content=这篇文章给了我们一个思路, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 11:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34517, encodeId=f96d3451e85, content=高血压所致冠心病的确致命, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 11:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291846, encodeId=30371291846f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 05:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    我们应该从预防与治疗高血压做起

    0

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    这篇文章给了我们一个思路

    0

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    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    高血压所致冠心病的确致命

    0

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