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病例精选:IVUS指导下NSTEMI左主干闭塞病变优化PCI一例

2019-05-07 李辉 赵婕 王恒东 中国医学论坛报今日循环

张某,男,56岁因阵发性胸闷、胸痛4年,持续胸痛5小时急诊入院。

一、病例简介:

张某,男,56岁因阵发性胸闷、胸痛4年,持续胸痛5小时急诊入院。

病人4年前反复出现胸闷、胸痛,常于活动后或饱食后加重,每次持续3-5分钟左右,休息或含服硝酸甘油后可缓解。曾行CTA检查是前降支狭窄75%,未规律服药。

入院前五小时胸痛再发,程度较前明显加重,放散至后背部,无濒死感,无大汗,无头晕,无明显呼吸困难,含服硝酸甘油症状不缓解。

危险因素:高血压病史6余年,最高血压160/100mmHg,糖尿病4年,高脂血症,吸烟20年,每日20支。

查体:BP:150/90mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,无罗音。心率:72次/分,节律齐,各瓣膜听诊区杂音,双下肢不肿。

二、辅助检查:

实验室检查:

CK-MB:45U/L; CK:387U/L; AST:56U/L   

TnI:0.3ng/mL;Myo:513ng/mL

WBC :10.6×109/L;HB:144g/L

BUN: 4.82mmol/L;CRE:86μmol/L

GLU:12.6mmol/L; TG:3.82mmol/L;

CH:5.76mmol/L; LDL—C:2.99mmol/L.

Echo: 

左室壁节段性运动异常 二尖瓣及主动脉瓣少量返流。LV:54mm,LVEF:58%

心电图:

胸痛发作时的心电图                                        



胸痛缓解时的心电图



三、临床诊断

1.冠心病

      急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死

      心功能Ⅰ级 (killip分级)

2.2级高血压

3.2型糖尿病

4.高脂血症

四、病例分析及处理:

病人入院后根据临床特点诊断为NSTEMI,立即启动胸痛中心NSTEMI治疗流程,首先给予药物治疗,拜阿司匹林 300mg  口服,替格瑞洛180mg  口服,阿托伐他汀钙 40mg 口服,琥珀酸美托洛尔47.5mg  日一次口服,苯磺酸氨氯地平 5mg 日一次 口服,硝酸异山梨酯10mg 日三次 口服,低分子肝素钠(克赛)0.4ml 日二次  皮下注射。

缺血评分Grace评分为:117分(中高危)。治疗策略为给予充分的双抗及抗凝治疗,观察病情变化,若病人病情进一步加重可给予24小时内急诊PCI治疗。患者入院后17小时后仍然胸痛胸闷症状不缓解,建议家属患者应行介入治疗,家属同意行PCI治疗。

冠脉造影(静态片)





冠脉造影提示:

LM:起始部100%闭塞,LAD和LCX可经侧支循环显影,管腔尚可。RCA全程散在斑块,近段第一转折处80%管状狭窄,远段第二转折后90%局限性狭窄。

危险分层:

 SYNTAX score:31

 GRACE score:117,High risk.

 CRUSADE score :29, low risk ,

 Bleeding probability:5.5%。

五、治疗策略:

1. 病人长期心绞痛发作,既往CTA示有严重狭窄,平时可能建立了侧支循环,有缺血预适应。此次为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死。病人血流动力学稳定,无明显心衰症状。

2. 冠脉造影显示LM起始部100%闭塞,RCA给予左冠脉系统提供良好的侧支循环,此次若行PCI治疗应为有保护的左主干介入治疗,相对安全系数较高。

3. 若行急诊PCI治疗应在IABP支持下进行较安全。择期再行RCA介入治疗。

4.若行急诊PCI治疗,开通LM后应在IVUS指导下选择左主干+分叉病变应行单支架亦或是双支架技术。

六、手术经过:

首先植入IABP,  指引导管6F EBU3.5 ,指引导丝:FieldXT-A,SION,RunthroughNS;微导管Finecross;球囊Maverick 2.5×15mm,扩张(12atm×10s),恢复前向血流,应用IVUS检查,结果示:





PCI过程

根据IVUS检查结果,LAD近中段,LCX中段和LM均需植入支架。LCX开口面积较大(MLA:6.73mm2),斑块负荷轻,LM及分叉病变应用单支架Crossover技术。NaNo2.75×33mm支架植入LCX中、远段,Quantum NC balloon 3.0×15mm ,后扩张(18atm×10s)。

LAD近、中段植入NaNo3.0×36mm。LM-pLAD植入NaNo3.5×15mm (16atm× 10s)。

LAD先行Quantum NC balloon3.0×12mm和3.5×12mm20atm后扩张。 

LM :QuantumNC balloon 4.0×12mm 22atm(POT) .Rewireinto LCX。

最后行IVUS检查(LM-LAD and LM-LCX ),支架膨胀和贴壁良好。











最后造影结果





七、总 结:

1.对于急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死,虽然Grace评分不是极高危病人,如果患者病情无明显好转,应该积极地进行冠脉造影,及时行PCI治疗,可以预防病情的进一步恶化,挽救濒死心肌,改善心功能,避免心源性猝死。

2. 左主干病变介入治疗,及时应用IABP支持可以提高手术的成功率,同时可以改善心肌缺血和心功能。

3. 应用IVUS指导左主干和分叉病变可以更好地观察血管直径、斑块病变情况、钙化斑块的程度、分叉开口部斑块负荷程度,从而选择单支架技术或双支架技术。应用IVUS可以更好地观察支架膨胀和贴壁情况,减少并发症。

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    2020-01-07 drj2003
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    2019-05-09 hb2008ye
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经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)经常在血管造影的指导下进行。血管内超声(IVUS)已被证明可减少PCI术后的主要不良心血管事件(MACE)。光学相干断层成像(OCT)的分辨率高于IVUS,虽然一些研究结果表明,它可能会导致支架植入后的小管腔直径。我们试图评估基于OCT的支架选型策略在最小支架面积方面,是否相似或优于IVUS,以及优于血管造影。在这项随机对照试验中,我们招募了18岁或以上的患者。符合条

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病例:AMI血栓自溶后IVUS

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冠状动脉钙化病变的介入治疗

冠状动脉钙化是指钙质在冠状动脉管壁组织或粥样硬化斑块内沉积,X线透视呈高密度影像。冠心病患者尸检时发现80%的冠状动脉病变有不同程度钙化,但冠状动脉造影时仅有约15%~60%的病变合并钙化。血管内超声(IVUS)检出率较高,可发现60%~70% 的病变合并钙化。冠状动脉钙化的机理尚不完全清楚,可能与以下因素有关:(1)冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度和范围:粥样硬化越严重、范围越广泛,钙化程度往

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