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Nat Ecol & Evol:你今天吃水果了吗?新研究显示爱吃水果的灵长类脑容量更大

2017-03-29 佚名 Nature自然科研

本周发表于《自然-生态与演化》的论文Primate brain size is predicted by diet but not sociality提出,相较于社会生活的复杂度,灵长动物的饮食能更好地预测其脑容量。这项研究是同类分析中迄今为止规模最大的,并对目前有关人类和一些灵长动物为什么演化出了比大多数动物更大的脑部的假说提出了质疑。

本周发表于《自然-生态与演化》的论文Primate brain size is predicted by diet but not sociality提出,相较于社会生活的复杂度,灵长动物的饮食能更好地预测其脑容量。这项研究是同类分析中迄今为止规模最大的,并对目前有关人类和一些灵长动物为什么演化出了比大多数动物更大的脑部的假说提出了质疑。


以水果为主食的普通猕猴(Macaca mulatta,上)和吃叶子的鬃毛吼猴(Alouatta palliata,下)

Mauritius images GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo (上)

Diana Rebman / Alamy Stock Photo(下)

在此前有关灵长动物脑量演化的研究中,人们发现群体平均成员数量与该物种脑部质量占身体的比例之间存在相关性。长期以来有一种观点认为,复杂的群体生活是导致灵长类动物演化出高脑容量的首要驱动力。

然而一个动物群体可以有很多变量,首先群体大小就是一个:近期的研究表明,黑猩猩群体的个体数量并没有十分确定的大小,多可至197只,而少可至21只。若将社会复杂性的不同衡量标准纳入考虑(例如是否为单配偶制),则结果并不一致,人们也尚未对其它潜在的环境驱动因素进行探索。

美国纽约大学的Alex DeCasien及同事汇集了迄今为止最大的非人类灵长动物脑量数据集,其中包含了140多个不同物种,并探讨了脑量与多个社会性量度(群体规模、社会结构和交配行为),以及摄食习惯之间的关系。他们没有在大脑与任何社会性量度之间找到联系,但发现饮食具有更强的预测功效。


140种灵长类动物的演化渊源(左)和平均种群数量(右)。

DeCasien et al.

在考虑到每个物种的演化亲缘关系及体型后,作者发现,吃水果的灵长类动物的脑组织比吃植物叶子的灵长类动物多25%左右。虽然作者的分析未能说明为什么吃水果会带来更大的大脑,但他们认为这可能是由认知需求(与记忆水果位置、手工提取果肉有关)和热量奖励(大脑能耗很高,摄入热量丰富的水果,而非热量贫乏的植物叶子更有利于支撑其能量消耗)联合驱动的。

在相应的新闻与观点文章中,英国雷丁大学的Chris Venditti写道:“虽然仍有许多问题尚待解决,我相信他们的研究将会引导并重振有关灵长动物和其它哺乳动物认知复杂性的研究领域。”

原始出处:

Alex R. DeCasien, Scott A. Williams, James P. Higham,et al.Primate brain size is predicted by diet but not sociality.Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2017  March.

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    2017-04-22 liye789132251
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    2017-10-17 lg.zhao
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    2017-03-29 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注。

    0

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    2017-03-29 明天会更好!

    果真是这样的吗?

    0

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