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Neurology:不同社区人群中轻度认知障碍事件的预测因素及其进程

2021-12-09 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,研究人员探讨轻度认知损害(MCI)事件发生的社会人口学和医学预测因素,包括持续MCI诊断、认知正常分类和进展为痴呆。近一半MCI诊断患者在随访时被归类为认知正常,其预测因子明显不同随后的病程。

      在认知正常的老年人中识别轻度认知障碍(MCI)的风险因素可以帮助确定痴呆预防或干预策略的目标群体。然而,并不是每个被诊断为MCI的人随后都会进展为痴呆症;纵向研究表明,在一次就诊时被确认为MCI的人中,有5-53%的人在下一次就诊时不再符合MCI标准。因此,在被诊断为MCI事件的个人中,确定进展为痴呆症的风险因素是平等的。

      MCI的诊断通常基于Petersen标准,使用认知损害和日常功能的分界值。MCI的诊断还可以通过受影响的认知域的类型(即健忘型与非健忘型)和数量(即单域与多域)来进一步表征。虽然MCI标准要求相对保持日常功能,但先前的研究表明,MCI患者在日常功能活动方面比认知正常的人更困难,特别是在多域MCI的情况下。

      既往研究报告了在多种族社区队列中流行的MCI进展的预测因素。近日,有研究人员调查非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔认知正常者中发生MCI的可改变和不可改变的危险因素,探讨轻度认知损害(MCI)事件发生的社会人口学和医学预测因素,包括持续的MCI诊断、认知正常分类和进展为痴呆。

      在以社区为基础的队列中,使用已发表的算法进行MCI的诊断。痴呆症的诊断是基于临床共识。Cox回归估计与几个预测因素相关的事件MCI的危险比。修正的Poisson回归估计了与发病后随访的诊断状态预测因素相关的相对风险。

  • 在2903名基线认知正常的参与者中,752人在平均6.3年(SD=4.5)的时间内患上了MCI(发病率:56/1000人年)。
  • APOEε4的存在和较高的医疗负担增加了发生轻度认知障碍的风险,而更多的教育年限,更多的休闲活动和更高的收入降低了这种风险。
  • 在发生的MCI病例中,平均随访2.4年,12.9%进展为痴呆,9.6%功能下降,不符合MCI算法标准,但也不符合痴呆临床标准,29.6%继续符合MCI标准,47.9%不再符合MCI标准。
  • 多域认知障碍、载脂蛋白Eε4的存在、抑郁症状和抗抑郁药物的使用增加了进展为痴呆症的风险。

      这项以社区为基础的研究表明,几乎一半的MCI事件诊断患者在随访时被归类为认知正常。事件MCI的预测因子明显不同于随后的MCI病程;这些发现可以提炼MCI患者对认知和功能过程的预期。

文献来源:Angevaare MJ, Vonk JMJ, Bertola L, et al. Predictors of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Its Course in a Diverse Community-Based Population [published online ahead of print, 2021 Dec 1]. Neurology. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000013017. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013017

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    2022-03-05 yinhl1978
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    2021-12-10 146475c0m26(暂无昵称)

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    学习学习

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Neurology:预测患有轻度认知障碍或轻度痴呆的淀粉样蛋白阳性患者的认知能力下降

本研究构建了 MCI 和轻度痴呆的模型,这些模型可以预测 MMSE 随时间的变化。

好文推荐 | 北京地区帕金森病相关认知域评估量表的划界值研究

构建北京地区PD相关认知域评估量表的划界分常模并进行最佳划界值的筛选,为国内临床医生诊断PD-MCI提供可靠的评估标准。

好文推荐 | 中国人群帕金森病轻度认知障碍综合认知域评估量表的筛选及诊断效度分析

使用推荐的临界值后可以更好将PD-MCI进行亚型分析,便于临床观察各亚型PD-MCI转归及临床特异性,具有一定临床意义。

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

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轻度认知障碍患者运动干预的最佳证据总结

南京医科大学护理学院 · 2023-03-10

2017 AAN指南:轻度认知障碍(更新)

美国神经病学学会(AAN,American Academy of Neurology) · 2017-12-27

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