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典型病例---左肾黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎CT--影像诊断--分析

2022-09-01 华夏影像诊断中心 华夏影像诊断中心

黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎是一种少见的肾实质慢性肉芽肿样炎性疾病,常见于中年妇女,临床上常表现为腰痛、发热、消瘦及脓尿等急慢性肾盂肾炎症状,约70%合并尿路结石,典型为鹿角样结石。

【病史临床】患者,女,24岁,左侧腰部胀痛并发热3个月,无血尿。

【影像图片】

以上三幅图分别为CT平扫横断面 CT增强横断面 CT增强冠状面重建

【影像表现】 左肾体积明显增大,轮廓不规整,肾盂难以分辨。肾实质内可见多个厚壁囊状低密度区,其内可见不规则软组织密度影,肾周筋膜增厚粘连,增强扫描囊腔壁明显强化,囊内容物未见明显强化。

【诊断】 左肾黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎(病理确诊)

【鉴别诊断】 1.囊性肾癌;2.肾脓肿

【讨论】 黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎是一种少见的肾实质慢性肉芽肿样炎性疾病,常见于中年妇女,临床上常表现为腰痛、发热、消瘦及脓尿等急慢性肾盂肾炎症状,约70%合并尿路结石,典型为鹿角样结石。

1.影像学表现:CT平扫常可见肾盂内软组织肿块影,边缘多不清楚。若累及肾实质表现为肾脏普遍增大,内有大小不一不规则低密度影;增强扫描病变周围组织呈环形强化,囊变区不强化。病变常延伸至肾周,少数可引起腰大肌脓肿;常可见肾盂内并发鹿角形结石。血管造影是鉴别诊断肾脏占位性病变的重要方法,有助于炎性病变与肿瘤的鉴别。XGP相对特征性血管造影表现为:

① 病变为少血管区,边缘较模糊;

② 肾动脉主干一般不增粗,血管分支牵张、伸直、拉长、变细,向周围推挤,呈弧形压迹;肾内血管无粗细不均,无紊乱;

③ 无新生肿瘤血管,无肿瘤染色,无“血池征”,无动静脉瘘;

④ 实质期呈单个密度不均充盈缺损或多个囊状结构充盈缺损。

2.鉴别诊断:

囊性肾癌:临床上多无尿路感染症状,肾周筋膜一般不增厚,囊壁多厚薄不均,可见壁立结节,且囊性肾癌钙化较少见。

肾脓肿:病史一般较短,症状更急、更重,CT平扫呈圆形或卵圆形低密度区,不伴软组织肿块,钙化少见,经抗炎治疗后多可吸收。

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