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Psychopharmacology:酒精的气味可影响机体控制酒精摄入的能力

2016-03-22 MedSci MedSci原创

据发表于Psychopharmacology的一项新的研究表明,酒精的香味会减弱人们对自己饮酒行为的控制能力。

据发表于Psychopharmacology的一项新的研究表明,酒精的香味会减弱人们对自己饮酒行为的控制能力。

据美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)公布的统计数据显示,2010年至2012年在美国每天有六人因酒精中毒而死亡。其中,76%的人年龄在35-64岁之间,且76%的人为男性。

世界各国政府、社会团体和卫生部门正努力阻止人们摄入过量的酒精,因为摄入过量的酒精或可导致事故的发生,还可能产生长期的酒精依赖性。

美国卫生与人类服务部的女性健康办公室列出了一些对药物或酒精上瘾的原因。

其中包括基因、性别、种族,以及同行压力,应激压力和家庭问题。

酒精的作用取决于环境

近日,来自英国艾芝西尔大学的一项研究表明,即使是酒精的气味也可影响人们控制酒精的摄入能力,表明酒精的气味可吸引人们摄入酒精。

既往研究表明,与酒精摄入相关的行为与环境有关。这些研究发现看见酒精会唤醒机体引起唾液分泌。这类环境信息可导致酒精消耗量的变化,而且这类环境信息通常是在偶然间吸引住机体。机体摄入酒精量越多,他们对酒精相关信息的注意力越多。

本研究中,研究人员着手探究酒精相关的视觉与嗅觉信息如何影响机体酒精的摄入,换句话说,如何影响机体对酒精的注意力。

研究中研究对象戴着口罩,部分研究对象的口罩里含有酒精,而另一部分研究对象的口罩则含有非酒精性的柑桔液体。无论是看到屏幕上出现字母K还是一瓶瓶酒的图片时,研究对象需要按下一个按钮。

酒精的气味会产生更多的“假警报”

如果研究对象所按下的按钮不正确,那么则定为“假警报”,提示研究对象越来越难以控制自己的行为。

结果发现,佩戴含有酒精的口罩的研究对象更容易出现假警报的现象。

研究人员认为,看到或闻到酒精或可刺激机体的认知行为,从而增加酒精的消耗量。

艾芝西尔大学心理学高级讲师Dr. Rebecca Monk说道,“该研究首次尝试探索或可干扰机体控制某一特定行为能力的触发因子(如气味)。例如,在实验过程中,似乎仅有酒精的气味使得研究对象更难以控制自己的按键行为。”

该研究的共同作者Prof. Derek Heim补充道,这项研究或可为药物成瘾和药物滥用提供新的见解。他强调需要验证该试验结果,有必要在实验室外,在现实生活中来观察这些研究成果。

研究小组希望可以更好的了解特定的语境如何影响物质的使用,这将带来更适当的干预措施以帮助那些在不同环境中消费不同物质的人群。

原始出处:

Yvette Brazier. The smell of alcohol can affect behavior. Monday 21 March 2016.

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    2018-01-03 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2016-05-03 yb6560
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    2016-05-12 jj000001
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