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Anesth Analg:围手术期急性肾损伤的新近进展

2018-11-30 杨广遂 “罂粟花”微信号

急性肾损伤(AKI)是围术期常见的并发症,其与术后发病率和死亡率的增加相关。 AKI的定义和分期标准越来越精确,包括尿量减少或血清肌酐的增加等,如今新的生物标志物可以在(肾脏)未产生功能变化时检测AKI,还可预测AKI的发展。

急性肾损伤(AKI)是围术期常见的并发症,其与术后发病率和死亡率的增加相关。 AKI的定义和分期标准越来越精确,包括尿量减少或血清肌酐的增加等,如今新的生物标志物可以在(肾脏)未产生功能变化时检测AKI,还可预测AKI的发展。

明确的AKI风险因素对外科手术患者来说很重要。手术,尤其是重症患者的重大和急诊手术可能会引起AKI。某些合并症是AKI的重要危险因素,如慢性肾病和慢性心衰。此外,利尿剂、造影剂和肾毒性药物常用于围手术期,可能导致大量的院内AKI。

术前及术中,建议麻醉医生应该在预防和治疗血容量不足和纠正贫血方面优化患者生理条件时,必须避免术中低血压的发生,即使是短时间的低血压也与AKI风险增加有关。术中,在没有肾损伤或有肾损伤或肾损伤已出现伴或不伴有液体反应性的情况下,尿量可能会减少。因此,应小心使用液体以避免血容量不足或过多。

改善全球肾病预后指南建议实施高风险患者的预防策略,包括改善血流动力学、恢复循环容量、加强血流动力学监测、避免肾毒性药物和高血糖。最近发表的两项研究表明,在高风险患者中实施这一系列措施可减少围术期AKI的发生。另有学者发现远端缺血预处理的应用有可能降低围手术期AKI的发生率。

原始出处:

Zarbock A, Koyner JL, EAJ H, Kellum JA;Update on Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury;Anesth Analg;2018. 127(5): 1236-1245.

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    2019-05-27 AspirantSuo
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    2019-07-17 经常头晕
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老龄、吸烟、肥胖、糖尿病、高血压及心脑血管疾病等都是已知的慢性肾脏病的危险因素。 而北京大学公共卫生学院的一项研究最新提示,慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的患者发生慢性肾脏病的风险会明显增加,HBV感染也成为肾脏损伤确切的危险因素。近期,这项研究结论发表在BMC Medicine上。

Clin J Am Soc Nephro:ACCORD研究7.7年随访:糖尿病长期强化降压和贝特类药物降脂或致肾损伤

2型糖尿病既是心血管病的危险因素,也显着增加慢性肾脏病发生风险,因此,保护心脏和肾脏对于2型糖尿病患者来说非常重要。对于心血管病高危2型糖尿病患者,降糖、降压、降脂是重要的管理策略,但至于这三项指标降至什么程度最佳,目前仍难确定。

Nat Med:维生素B3或可治疗急性肾损伤?

8月20日,《Nature Medicine》期刊发表了这一篇题为“De novo NAD+ biosynthetic impairment in acute kidney injury in humans”文章,由Beth Israel Deaconess医学中心的肾病学家和首席研究员Samir M. Parikh领导的多学科研究小组最新证实,一种维生素B3有望预防急性肾损伤。

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