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盘点:2017年11月Gastroenterology研究精选

2017-11-02 zhangfan MedSci原创

2017年11月Gastroenterology研究精选



【1】封面文章--循环及肠道内CD4+T细胞、肠道共生微生物与炎症


共生微生物和免疫系统之间的相互作用维持着肠道内环境稳定。近日研究人员考察了人体CD4+ T细胞与肠道菌群之间的相互作用。

研究人员收集健康对照者、溃疡性结肠炎患者以及克罗恩病患者的外周血单个核细胞和肠组织标本。

研究发现,对照者循环以及肠道组织中的CD4+T细胞对于肠道细菌的相应频率为40-4000。活性CD4+ T细胞与微生物作用后产生记忆效应,存在外周和肠组织中,可产生的屏障保护作用,通过白介素17A,干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子刺激肠道间质和上皮细胞。炎症性肠炎患者中,血液中的活性CD4 T细胞数目少于肠道组织,与对照组相比,T细胞对各种细菌的响应频率增加。

研究发现,CD4+T细胞对微生物的响应是一种正常的生理现象,对维持肠道内环境的稳态具有重要作用。

【2】食管粘膜浅表传入神经导致非糜烂性反流敏感性增加


目前对于胃食管反流病(GERD)患者胃灼热的原因知之甚少。相比于糜烂性反流病(ERD)或巴雷特食管(BE)患者,非糜烂性反流病(NERD)患者内镜可见上皮细胞损伤很少,疾病评估困难。近日研究人员就糜烂性反流病、巴雷特食管、非糜烂性反流病患者粘膜神经纤维的分布进行研究。

研究对13名非糜烂性反流病患者、11名糜烂性反流病患者以及16名巴雷特食管患者进行内镜评价,对非糜烂性反流病患者进行近端和远端食管粘膜活检,对糜烂性反流病患者进行远端食管粘膜活检,对巴雷特食管患者进行最远端鳞状上皮活检,对活检样本进行神经纤维降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)标记抗体检测以考察伤害性感觉神经标记物。检查结果与10名健康志愿者相比较。

研究发现,相比于健康志愿者(平均细胞层数25.5),糜烂性反流病(平均细胞层数23)和巴雷特食管(平均细胞层数21.5)患者的CGRP阳性神经分布无显著差异,但非糜烂性反流病患者CGRP阳性神经粘膜表面明显变浅,末梢神经细胞厚度(平均细胞层数9.5) 以及近端神经细胞厚度(平均细胞层数5.0)均降低。

研究认为,非糜烂性反流病患者近端和远端食管粘膜浅表传入神经比例大,更容易受到反流有害物质的影响。

【3】Relamorelin治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫II临床结果


目前糖尿病胃轻瘫缺少有效的治疗方法。Relamorelin是一种在研的选择性内源性脑肠肽--胃饥饿素类似物。近日研究人员开展了为期12周的II期临床研究以评估Relamorelin对于中重度糖尿病胃轻瘫患者的疗效和安全性。

研究招募了393名患者,其中37.7%为男性,平均年龄58.2岁。所有患者胃排空T1/2测试79min以上,近期的呕吐和胃轻瘫症状日评分指标2.6以上。患者随机接受安慰剂(n=104)或relamorelin (10 μg [n=98],30 μg [n=109],100 μg [n=82],每天2次) ,持续12周。患者每日记录呕吐频率和症状(恶心、腹痛、餐后饱胀,腹胀)。研究的主要终点是呕吐频率、胃轻瘫症程度以及胃排空的改善。

研究发现,75%的治疗患者呕吐频率降低,但相对于安慰剂未有显著提高。胃轻瘫症的4种症状在3个治疗组显著改善 (所有P<0.05)。Relamorelin可显著提高患者胃排空速度 (提高12%,10 以及30 μg 组,P<0.05; 100 μg组,P=0.051)。Relamorelin存在药物治疗相关的血糖波动,15.5%的患者需要调整糖尿病药物剂量。

在这项IIB临床研究中,对于中重度糖尿病胃轻瘫患者,服用Relamorelin可显著改善疾病症状,加快胃排空速度,并且治疗具有较好的安全性和耐受性。

【4】极光激酶A诱导胰腺癌细胞的抑制作用


近日研究人员考察了程序性坏死途径在胰腺导管腺癌中的作用。

在胰腺导管癌细胞系中,研究人员测试了273种市售的激酶抑制剂对胰腺导管癌细胞的毒性作用,最终发现化合物CCT137690能够高效抑制或杀死胰腺导管癌细胞,而且对正常的胰腺导管上皮细胞没有毒副作用。

CCT137690是极光激酶(Aurora)抑制剂,在急性骨髓性白血病(AML)临床前模型研究中表明,CCT137690能够抑制耐药突变的AML细胞的生长。机制研究发现CCT137690处理后的胰腺导管癌细胞会表现出凋亡、自噬、铁死亡和程序性坏死等死亡特点。进一步的研究发现,只有采用程序性坏死抑制剂,才能减少CCT137690导致的细胞死亡。敲除或敲低程序性坏死途径中的3个关键蛋白,都能抵抗CCT137690的细胞毒性。研究同时证实敲除程序性坏死途径中的3个关键基因(RIPK1,RIPK3和MLKL)后,CCT137690诱导产生的致炎物质的释放被阻断,CCT137690选择性的抑制了极光激酶A亚型导致胰腺导管癌细胞的程序性坏死。

【5】适当饮酒不能降低非酒精性脂肪肝患者心血管风险


血管疾病(CVD)是非酒精性脂肪肝患者(NAFLD)的首要致死因素。适度的饮酒在一般人群中可以降低CVD风险。近日研究人员考察了NAFLD患者中饮酒对CVD的影响。

5115名志愿者参与,在15,20和25岁进行酒精摄入量报告,所有参与者在25岁时进行胸腹部CT和超声检查。

检查共发现了570名NAFLD患者,其中332人饮酒,饮酒者白人、男性以及高学历者居多,同时肥胖、糖尿病以及代谢综合征比例更大。饮酒与否与肝脏功能衰竭不相关。多因素调整后,饮酒与CVD风险因素(糖尿病、高血压以及高血脂)和CVD临床症状指标(冠状动脉钙化、心脏E/A比以及整体纵向应变)不相关。

研究发现,与一般人群不同,非酒精性脂肪肝患者适当饮酒不会降低心血管疾病风险。

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    2018-02-16 许安
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1711242, encodeId=50291e1124220, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a1c289680' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AST#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2896, encryptionId=9a1c289680, topicName=AST)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b9831894722, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Mon Apr 23 02:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2071946, encodeId=bdff20e19468f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4ee84647' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7846, encryptionId=9d4ee84647, topicName=GAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2dd327, createdName=许安, createdTime=Fri Feb 16 21:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2064223, encodeId=a42f20642235f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94ffe853a7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gastroenterol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7853, encryptionId=94ffe853a7, topicName=Gastroenterol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0bed488, createdName=jktdtl, createdTime=Sun Jul 08 02:58:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1504337, encodeId=54eb150433ecd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7730e85412' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gastroenterology#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7854, encryptionId=7730e85412, topicName=Gastroenterology)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5fc29706655, createdName=chaojitidian, createdTime=Sat Nov 04 05:58:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258429, encodeId=0e3f258429af, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Nov 03 20:17:25 CST 2017, time=2017-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-03 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

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