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ASCO 2014:进展期卵巢癌:新辅助化疗创伤低于标准治疗

2014-06-06 李明霞 魏丽惠 中国医学论坛报

标题:日本妇科肿瘤学组报告:比较在Ⅲ/Ⅳ期卵巢癌">卵巢癌、输卵管癌及原发腹膜癌中首次肿瘤细胞减灭术及新辅助化疗后中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术两组间治疗创伤的Ⅲ期临床随机试验 背景:该课题组在前期治疗Ⅲ/Ⅳ期卵巢、输卵管癌和原发腹膜癌的临床试验中(JCOG 0602)已对比了首次肿瘤细胞减灭术组(PDS)和新辅助化疗后行肿瘤细胞减灭术组(NAC)的治疗结果(EORTC55971 及CHORUS两项

标题:日本妇科肿瘤学组报告:比较在Ⅲ/Ⅳ期卵巢癌">卵巢癌、输卵管癌及原发腹膜癌中首次肿瘤细胞减灭术及新辅助化疗后中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术两组间治疗创伤的Ⅲ期临床随机试验

背景:该课题组在前期治疗Ⅲ/Ⅳ期卵巢、输卵管癌和原发腹膜癌的临床试验中(JCOG 0602)已对比了首次肿瘤细胞减灭术组(PDS)和新辅助化疗后行肿瘤细胞减灭术组(NAC)的治疗结果(EORTC55971 及CHORUS两项研究),表明接受NAC治疗的患者并没有明显的改善预后。JCOG 0602实验仍在进行中,并在2017年结题。为了探讨新辅助化疗是否较传统标准治疗具有更小的治疗创伤等优势,该课题组又进行对比以上两组间治疗创伤的研究(UMIN-CTR: UMIN000000523)。

方法:该研究将2006年11月到2011年10月间,符合条件入组患者301例随机分成2组。

标准治疗组(STD组)149例,即首次肿瘤细胞减灭术(PDS)后,应用8个疗程TC方案(紫杉醇+卡铂)化疗;对其中未完成首次肿瘤细胞减灭术和完成但未达到理想减灭的患者48例化疗4疗程后,再次行中间肿瘤细胞减灭术后,继续完成化疗4疗程。

新辅助化疗治疗组(NAC组)152例,即TC方案化疗4疗程后,行中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术(IDS)后,再行TC方案化疗4疗程。两组基线特征没有显著性差异。临床终点比较两组手术造成的创伤及副反应发生率(Tx)。

结果:最终进入统计的STD组(标准治疗组)99例,NAC组(新辅助化疗组)104例。对比两组,NAC组手术时间长于PDS组,因为需要完成更多范围的手术;NAC组行盆腔淋巴切除和腹主动脉旁淋巴切除的病例数更多,但是切除腹部脏器和远处转移病灶的例数少(P<0.01);NAC组输血和血浆,以及输入白蛋白明显减少;术后不良事件率降低。术后3/4级副反应发生率低(P<0.01)。

结论:NAC组治疗创伤性(Tx)明显小于STD组。对于生存期较固定并且分期较明确的晚期卵巢癌,新辅助化疗治疗将可能成为新的标准治疗方式。

 

标准治疗组
(N=149)

新辅助化疗组
(N=152)

p 值

盆腔淋巴切除

57

94

<0.001

腹主动脉旁淋巴切除

27

64(按照ppt修改)

<0.001

肠管或器官切除

66

39

<0.01

与治疗相关死亡

2

1

0.62

手术比较

PDS (N=147)

IDS (N=132)

 

失血和腹水丢失(中位数)

3,235 ml

795 ml

<0.01

输入红细胞

75

72

0.63

输入白蛋白

86

35

<0.01

3/4级不良事件

     

1次手术

1

16

1.00

再次手术

22

6

<0.01

研究链接:Comparison of treatment invasiveness between upfront debulking surgery versus interval debulking surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III/IV ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers in phase III randomized trial: JCOG0602.

(摘要翻译:北京大学人民医院妇科 李明霞 魏丽惠)

北京大学人民医院 魏丽惠点评:

在卵巢癌治疗中,以往的观点是中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术是针对于一些晚期卵巢癌病例,术前评估初次手术难以达到满意的肿瘤细胞减灭时,则可先用3~6个疗程的化疗,再行肿瘤细胞减灭术。在本项随机对照的临床研究中发现对于晚期(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)卵巢癌、输卵管癌及原发腹膜癌患者进行新辅助化疗+中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术+化疗,尽管没有明显的改善预后,但具有治疗创伤更小的优势,对于患者完成手术的彻底性和及时接受化疗,以及减低术后不良反应有益,值得我国妇科肿瘤医生在临床实践中参考。

复旦大学肿瘤医院 吴小华点评:

这是继欧洲EORTC55971以后,日本进行的比较晚期卵巢癌首次选择手术治疗(PDS)与新辅助化疗(NAC)后间歇性手术(IDS)优劣,本次报告的是关于围手术期治疗相关侵入性研究,生存率结果有待于2016年发布。目前结果表明,与PDS相比,IDS组患者盆、腹腔淋巴结切除率高,而脏器、肠管切除率低,出血或腹水量少,白蛋白输入少,G3\G4并发症低。本研究得出结论为新辅助化疗后手术减少了手术的侵入性,当以后能证明生存率不亚于PDS组时,IDS可以作为晚期卵巢癌的新的治疗标准。除了生存率尚无法得知外,本研究的结果与欧洲的研究相仿,即新辅助化疗后手术能减低围手术的并发症和脏器切除术率。

由于欧洲研究的PDS和IDS 中位生存时间为29-30个月,比同期美国的PDS少了20个月,因此PDS 仍然是美国医生的首选,而PDS相关的并发症可以接受。故日本研究尚需生存率的数据证明其价值。不过,所有新辅助化疗的研究者都认为,新辅助化疗仅适应于IIIc和IV期卵巢癌患者,其他一律首选PDS,国内卵巢癌新辅助化疗使用比较多,主要是考虑考虑新辅助化疗可以降低手术的难度和风险,特别是器官切除等风险。但目前的证据尚不能证明PDS与IDS达到同等的生存率,因此建议新辅助化疗用与那些PDS难以切除达到满意的程度或不能耐受PDS的患者,如何确定这些患者标准不一,美国MSKCC的新化疗的标准是:内科并发症不宜手术、腹腔外转移和85岁以上患者。

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    2014-10-30 quxin068
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