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Nature Neuroscience:脑电刺激可改善老年人记忆,或将有助于缓解全球老龄化危害

2022-08-24 nagashi “生物世界”公众号

归根结底,人之记忆,源于大脑,而记忆实际上是大脑神经细胞一系列的电生理活动。从这一点来看,电刺激可能是干预大脑记忆的有力手段,但具体如何进行脑电刺激才能增强记忆,尚不清楚。

人的记忆力十分奇妙,有的人能清晰记得数十年前的事情,有的人背了一整夜的单词最后只记得“abandon”。人的记忆可分为工作记忆(短时记忆)和长时记忆,前者持续的时间很短,但长时记忆可能伴随人的一辈子。

归根结底,人之记忆,源于大脑,而记忆实际上是大脑神经细胞一系列的电生理活动。从这一点来看,电刺激可能是干预大脑记忆的有力手段,但具体如何进行脑电刺激才能增强记忆,尚不清楚。

2022年8月22日,美国波士顿大学 Robert Reinhart 团队在 Nature Neuroscience 期刊发表了题为:Long-lasting, dissociable improvements inworking memory and long -term memory in olderadults with repetitive neuromodulation 的研究论文。

该研究发现,每天脑电刺激20分钟,连续四天,能够改善65岁以上老人两种类型的记忆,效果维持至少一个月。这一非侵入性的加强记忆的方法,或将有助于缓解全球老龄化浪潮带来的危害。

目前,全球老龄化在不断加速,对个人、家庭和社会造成严重影响。对此,老龄化的危害在于衰老导致的基本记忆系统的损害,例如阿尔茨海默病,患者往往因记忆衰退而无法独立生活。此外,随着COVID-19大流行在全球的肆虐,有研究表明感染了SARS-CoV-2的老年人更易患上痴呆症。

值得注意的是,神经生物学的实质性进展确定了支撑记忆能力的大脑回路和网络,而认知回路的节律性活动可能对协调大脑的信息处理至关重要。因此,如果能采用一种非侵入式技术干预大脑,也许就能有效增强老年人的记忆功能。

Robert Reinhart

Robert Reinhart? 团队在150名年龄在65-88岁间的受试者中进行了经颅交流电刺激(tACS)治疗方案,每天20分钟,维持4天,并选择性地对受试者进行可持续的增强听觉语言的工作记忆和长期记忆。

在模型引导下,对老年受试者进行高分辨率的神经调节

在受试者听到并立即回忆5个单词列表(每个列表20个单词)时,研究者用帽子里嵌入的电极传递电流。在过去研究的基础上,Robert Reinhart ?团队使用了两种不同刺激频率针对两个特定脑区进行刺激。

当研究人员以4Hz频率针对受试者的顶下小叶进行刺激时,老年受试者被发现能够改进对列表末尾词汇的回忆(指向工作记忆);当研究人员以60Hz频率针对受试者的前额叶背外侧皮层进行刺激时,则有助于老年受试者回忆列表开始的单词(代表存储进了长时记忆)。

不同频率、不同脑区的神经调节,导致选择性的、可持续的记忆改善

换句话来说,在脑电刺激治疗中,低频频率刺激顶叶皮层增强工作记忆(短期记忆),高频频率刺激前额叶皮层增强长期记忆。更令人兴奋的是,这种脑电刺激治疗带来的益处可以维持至少一个月。

记忆改善可持续1个月以上

此外,研究团队还发现,认知功能较低的老年受试者在接受脑电刺激治疗后,经历了更大、更持久的记忆改善。当然,这些研究现象还需要进一步研究,以确定这些效果是否能持续超过一个月,以及这些特定方法是否能让患有脑部疾病所致认知障碍和有痴呆风险的人也加强记忆功能。

总的来说,这项研究表明,基于记忆特异性皮层回路的不同频率的电刺激治疗可以选择性和可持续地改善衰老大脑的功能,有助于增强老年人的记忆能力,包括工作记忆和长时记忆。这一研究成果或将逆转全球老龄化的危害。

 

原始出处:

Grover, S., Wen, W., Viswanathan, V. et al. Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation. Nat Neurosci (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01132-3

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    2022-09-05 liye789132251
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    2022-08-24 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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    2022-08-25 lsndxfj
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