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高血压患者应该选择哪种利尿剂?

2015-03-09 小田 译 医学论坛网

导语:噻嗪类利尿剂被推荐为高血压的一线治疗方案,也是最常用的一种降压药之一。根据其分子结构,噻嗪类利尿剂被分为噻嗪型和噻嗪样利尿剂两种,噻嗪样利尿剂的半衰期比噻嗪型利尿剂的长,且噻嗪样利尿剂还有额外的药理作用,可能不同程度的影响心血管风险。噻嗪样利尿剂以氯噻酮和吲达帕胺为代表(化学结构含磺酰胺基),噻嗪型利尿剂包括氢氯噻嗪(中国临床上习惯称之为“双克”,即双氢克脲噻)和苄氟噻嗪等(结构

导语:噻嗪类利尿剂被推荐为高血压的一线治疗方案,也是最常用的一种降压药之一。根据其分子结构,噻嗪类利尿剂被分为噻嗪型和噻嗪样利尿剂两种,噻嗪样利尿剂的半衰期比噻嗪型利尿剂的长,且噻嗪样利尿剂还有额外的药理作用,可能不同程度的影响心血管风险。噻嗪样利尿剂以氯噻酮和吲达帕胺为代表(化学结构含磺酰胺基),噻嗪型利尿剂包括氢氯噻嗪(中国临床上习惯称之为“双克”,即双氢克脲噻)和苄氟噻嗪等(结构由苯噻二嗪核和磺酰胺基组成)。

那么问题来了,临床上高血压患者到底应该选择哪种利尿剂呢?3月2日在线发表于《高血压》(HYPERTENSION)杂志的两项研究结果回答了这个问题。

研究结果

荷兰学者们进行了一项荟萃分析,对比了噻嗪型和噻嗪样利尿剂对心血管事件和死亡的影响。结果表明,噻嗪型和噻嗪样利尿剂以及其他抗高血压治疗的不良事件发生率相当。当考虑用利尿剂治疗高血压时,研究数据似乎更倾向于选择噻嗪样尿剂。

研究者纳入了在成人高血压患者中对比两种利尿剂与安慰剂或抗高血压药物治疗效果,且随访时间≥1年的随机对照研究。主要转归为心血管事件,次要转归为冠脉事件、心力衰竭、脑血管事件和全因死亡。

最终纳入了21项研究中的超过480 000例患者-年。转归不受年龄、性别和种族异质性的影响,但血压降幅较大与所有转归减少的风险更多显著相关(P<0.001)。

对诊室血压降低的试验差异进行纠正后发现,与噻嗪型利尿剂相比,噻嗪样利尿剂可使心血管事件和心力衰竭额外风险分别减少12%和21%。

以往研究常将氢氯噻嗪和氯噻酮作对比,而氢氯噻嗪和吲达帕胺的对比研究相对较少。另一项系统回顾分析表明,像氯噻酮一样,在常规处方剂量下,吲达帕胺比氢氯噻嗪更有效,且无证据显示有更多不良代谢影响。

该研究对9765篇文章进行了检索,从中确认了包括883例患者的14项对比三种药物抗高血压效果或代谢影响的随机研究。

看完两篇研究结果,答案不难发现了吧!那么让我们来做一个选择题吧!

相关研究请看:

Olde Engberink RH1, Frenkel WJ1, van den Bogaard B1, Brewster LM1, Vogt L1, van den Born BJ2.Effects of Thiazide-Type and Thiazide-Like Diuretics on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Hypertension. 2015 Mar 2. pii: HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.05122. [Epub ahead of print]

Roush GC1, Ernst ME2, Kostis JB2, Tandon S2, Sica DA2.Head-to-Head Comparisons of Hydrochlorothiazide With Indapamide and Chlorthalidone: Antihypertensive and Metabolic Effects.Hypertension. 2015 Mar 2. pii: HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.05021. [Epub ahead of print]


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    2015-03-14 gczw

    双克用的较多

    0

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    2015-03-09 hbwang006

    临床应用益友同感

    0

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    2015-03-09 hbwang006

    明白了

    0

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    2015-03-09 drhqh240

    只用过双克

    0

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