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Lancet Infect Dis:抗生素耐药性——术后和化疗癌症患者感染死亡率增加的罪魁祸首

2015-10-19 MedSci 译 MedSci原创

背景现如今抗生素的疗效下降不利于病人的治疗过程。出于这一目的,研究人员对十大常见手术中抗生素的使用频率进行了探究,同时对癌症化疗过程中为避免病人出现免疫抑制而预防性使用抗生素等现象进行了深入调查。方式研究人员对相关文献进行了选择,确定了一些随机对照试验和半随机对照试验的荟萃分析和评论,以评估手术中预防性使用抗生素的效果和手术后及癌症化疗后因免疫抑制引起的感染相关性死亡率。研究人员对不同条件下预防性

背景:现如今抗生素的疗效下降不利于病人的治疗过程。出于这一目的,研究人员对十大常见手术中抗生素的使用频率进行了探究,同时对癌症化疗过程中为避免病人出现免疫抑制而预防性使用抗生素等现象进行了深入调查。


方式:研究人员对相关文献进行了选择,确定了一些随机对照试验和半随机对照试验的荟萃分析和评论,以评估手术中预防性使用抗生素的效果和手术后及癌症化疗后因免疫抑制引起的感染相关性死亡率。研究人员对不同条件下预防性使用抗生素后效果降低的程度进行了分类,共分为减效10%、30%、70%和抗生素完全没效果,分析并估计美国医院发生的额外感染病例数目和感染相关性死亡人,同时评估了术中标准预防性应用抗生素后产生耐药并出现感染的病例。 

结论:结果表明,术中预防性使用抗生素后导致术后感染的发生率为38.7-50.9%,癌症患者化疗过程中预防性使用抗生素后的感染发生率为26.8%。术中预防性使用的抗生素若效力降低30%,则美国每年约有12万患者术后出现意外感染,感染相关性死亡患者有6300例;术中预防性使用的抗生素若效力降低10%,则美国每年约有4万患者术后出现意外感染,感染相关性死亡患者有2100例;术中预防性使用的抗生素若效力降低70%,则美国每年约有28万患者术后出现意外感染,感染相关性死亡患者有13120例。

结论:研究人员认为,抗生素耐药性日趋严重,预防性使用抗生素将严重威胁手术实施的安全性和有效性,并对癌症患者化疗过程有不利影响。但是他们认为需要进行更多的研究以分析如何正确使用抗生素及降低患者出现的耐药性。

原始出处:

Aude Teillant, Sumanth Gandra, et al.Potential burden of antibiotic resistance on surgery and cancer chemotherapy antibiotic prophylaxis in the USA: a literature review and modelling study,the Lancet.Oct 15,2015

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likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-15 howi
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    2015-10-25 Troubleisme

    正确使用确实太重要

    0

  4. 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createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Sat Apr 30 19:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41007, encodeId=263c4100e2e, content=正确使用确实太重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151025/IMG562C3D4B3EFBE1123.jpg, createdBy=05d41658943, createdName=Troubleisme, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 10:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41008, encodeId=c9524100878, content=现在滥用抗生素实在太普遍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151025/IMG562C3D4B3EFBE1123.jpg, createdBy=05d41658943, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55442, encryptionId=13235544294, topicName=抗生素耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69fc19187130, createdName=liuyg0234, createdTime=Wed Oct 21 11:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39890, encodeId=f25c398905e, content=可以理解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39891, encodeId=6c1a398912f, content=尽量少干预, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-25 Troubleisme

    现在滥用抗生素实在太普遍

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828257, encodeId=4518182825e8e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Jul 15 12:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012020, encodeId=011120120206d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55442, encryptionId=13235544294, topicName=抗生素耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69fc19187130, createdName=liuyg0234, createdTime=Wed Oct 21 11:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39890, encodeId=f25c398905e, content=可以理解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39891, encodeId=6c1a398912f, content=尽量少干预, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-25 Troubleisme

    因为药店都可以买到

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828257, encodeId=4518182825e8e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Jul 15 12:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012020, encodeId=011120120206d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, 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createdName=Troubleisme, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 10:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41009, encodeId=390041009a3, content=因为药店都可以买到, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151025/IMG562C3D4B3EFBE1123.jpg, createdBy=05d41658943, createdName=Troubleisme, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 10:47:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289472, encodeId=209912894e201, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, 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likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. 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likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828257, encodeId=4518182825e8e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Jul 15 12:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012020, encodeId=011120120206d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, 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likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828257, encodeId=4518182825e8e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Jul 15 12:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2012020, encodeId=011120120206d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55442, encryptionId=13235544294, topicName=抗生素耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69fc19187130, createdName=liuyg0234, createdTime=Wed Oct 21 11:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39890, encodeId=f25c398905e, content=可以理解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39891, encodeId=6c1a398912f, content=尽量少干预, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-20 lixh1719

    可以理解

    0

  10. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55442, encryptionId=13235544294, topicName=抗生素耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=69fc19187130, createdName=liuyg0234, createdTime=Wed Oct 21 11:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39890, encodeId=f25c398905e, content=可以理解, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=188, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39891, encodeId=6c1a398912f, content=尽量少干预, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Tue Oct 20 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-20 lixh1719

    尽量少干预

    0

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               所有生物的生长都需要磷酸盐,这就是为什么每年全世界的农作物种植需要大量磷肥。在海洋中的一些区域营养成分很少,许多生物的生长都非常缓慢,因此一些细菌进化出高级机制能够从其他物质中提取磷酸盐。这些物质是由许多原始有机体产生,构成了海洋环境中最大的磷元素储备。其中许多化合物都是毒性物质(抗生素)

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图片来源:《自然》首张全球抗生素使用综合报告表明,中低收入国家抗生素使用量日益增长。本报讯 当前,抗生素使用在全球稳步增长,这主要是受中低收入国家使用量增长的驱使,近日一项报告这样表示。这项成果明确揭示了这些药物在如何被使用以及在哪里使用,研究还分析了当下泛滥的各种不同的抗生素耐药性。美国华盛顿特区非营利组织——动态疾病、经济和政策研究中心(CDDEP)根据对科学文献以及国家和地区监测系统的分析,

CMAJ:膝关节和髋关节术后应用抗生素真的有效吗?

CMAJ:膝关节和髋关节术后应用抗生素真的有效吗?尽管目前为止支持关节术后应用抗生素可减少感染的证据很少,但是关节术后通常会常规应用处方抗生素以预防感染的发生,近日一篇关于此的评论性文章发表于CMAJ。膝关节和髋关节术后的感染是很严重的,需要再次进行手术,也可引起潜在的并发症。手术前后常规应用抗生素以减小感染发生的风险,尽管很少有证据表明术后应用抗生素可减少感染的发生。作者指出,研究表明抗生素骨水

JCEM:抗生素的高使用率增加了患2型糖尿病的风险

根据发表在Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism的一项新的研究,在几年中服用较多抗生素的患者比不服用抗生素的患者更容易被诊断出患2型糖尿病。一个人患糖尿病,其特点是高血糖,即当个体不能产生足够的激素胰岛素或胰岛素不能正常从血液中清除血糖。根据内分泌协会的事实和数据报告,超过29万美国人患有糖尿病。

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