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Immunity:B7H3/B7H4有望成为结直肠癌免疫治疗新靶点

2022-04-05 网络 网络

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是最常见的癌症之一。在疾病晚期,治疗仍然主要依靠传统的化疗。新一代癌症治疗方法——免疫疗法使用检查点抑制剂药物来靶向一小部

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是最常见的癌症之一。在疾病晚期,治疗仍然主要依靠传统的化疗。新一代癌症治疗方法——免疫疗法使用检查点抑制剂药物来靶向一小部分已知的检查点蛋白,然而对免疫检查点抑制的治疗应答仅限于少数微卫星不稳定性高的结直肠癌,它们在 DNA 损伤修复机制中存在缺陷,而微卫星稳定结直肠癌无客观应答。这激起了科学家们的探索欲:是否还有其他检查点蛋白可以成为结直肠癌免疫治疗更有前景的靶点?

3月31日,德累斯顿工业大学的研究人员在Immunity上发表了最新研究成果,他们确定了对抗结直肠癌的新免疫疗法有希望的靶点蛋白B7H3和B7H4,并强调了肠道细菌在结直肠癌发展中的核心作用。

 

图片

研究团队先前已经证明,肠道肿瘤细胞的细菌感应通过钙调神经磷酸酶的细胞内激活,以及活化T细胞核转录因子(NFAT)的钙调神经磷酸酶依赖性激活促进肿瘤生长。由于髓系细胞表达功能性钙调神经磷酸酶-NFAT轴,该轴可被Toll样受体激动剂激活,因此研究人员探索了该通路在肠道肿瘤发展中的作用。

在小鼠实验中,抗体介导的阻断或该通路成员的基因缺失抑制肿瘤的发展,并促进已转移的结直肠癌的消退,证明对该通路成员的干扰可激活CD8+T细胞依赖性抗肿瘤免疫和持久的疾病控制。

具体来说,髓系肿瘤浸润细胞表现出钙调神经磷酸酶和NFAT的微生物群依赖性激活,这在微卫星稳定结直肠癌中统筹了一个免疫抑制串扰网络,其依赖于髓系IL-6并与结直肠癌细胞共抑制蛋白B7H3和B7H4的STAT3依赖性表达相关,而后者反过来抑制CD8+T细胞应答。

图片
来源:Immunity

B7H3和B7H4是两个B7家族成员,与T细胞表达的未知受体相互作用。B7H3被证明可抑制T细胞激活,包括对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性T细胞反应。B7H4是一种共抑制蛋白,其阻断或缺失可通过增加CD8+T细胞活化来抑制小鼠肿瘤生长。

研究还显示, B7H3和B7H4的表达几乎完全来源于上皮肿瘤细胞,而不是肿瘤浸润性免疫细胞(下图C),这一点已通过免疫组化得到证实(下图B)。

 

图片

来源:Immunity

 

一系列实验也进一步验证了B7H3和B7H4 确实是作为检查点蛋白发挥作用。  

此外,研究团队还指出,打破肠道屏障是促使结直肠癌提高其抵抗免疫细胞能力的关键因素。当肿瘤发生部位的肠道屏障破裂时,通常存在于肠道中的细菌会突然进入周围组织,这被认为是结直肠癌发生的重要早期事件。现在,该团队可以证明这些细菌的逃逸是结直肠癌细胞躲避免疫系统的初始触发因素。研究显示,中性粒细胞-髓源性免疫抑制细胞整合微生物衍生的Toll样受体信号控制髓系钙调神经磷酸酶的促肿瘤作用。

通讯作者Sebastian Zeissig教授说:“我们的研究结果为结直肠癌中的微生物群和肿瘤生长之间提供了一个新的联系。我们希望在未来更多地关注这个角度。”

总的来说,这项研究揭示了一种抑制微卫星稳定结直肠癌中CD8+T细胞反应的通路,该通路在响应肿瘤微环境中的微生物信号时被激活,并且易于治疗性靶向。虽然研究结果主要来自对小鼠的研究,该通路在人类原发性结直肠癌和转移瘤中的功能相关性仍需进一步研究,但其为人类未来的癌症治疗提供了一个有希望的前景。

Zeissig教授说:“我们对人类样本的分析表明,B7H3和B7H4也存在于人类结直肠癌细胞中,它们的存在与结直肠癌患者较差的预后相关。这些蛋白质在人类健康组织中几乎检测不到,这表明靶向它们可能是安全的。我们的工作为探索靶向B7H3和B7H4在人类结直肠癌中的作用打下了基础。”  

原始出处:

Kenneth Peuker et al. Microbiota-dependent activation of themyeloid calcineurin-NFAT pathway inhibits B7H3- and B7H4-dependent anti-tumorimmunity in colorectal cancer. Immunity. 2022.

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    2022-04-05 仁术2021

    不错,学习了。

    0

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