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J Infect:低剂量氟康唑预防念珠菌病 持续时间多长是个问题

2018-05-25 贾朝娟 环球医学

2018年5月,发表在《J Infect》的全国性FUNGINOS研究分析了氟康唑治疗BTC的临床和真菌学特征。

当前,医疗行业面临侵袭性真菌病的负担越来越重,尤其是在ICU。与此同时,侵袭性念珠菌感染诊断和治疗仍存在诸多方面的争议。ICU血流感染中,念珠菌属是最常见的真菌病原体。有研究显示,氟康唑治疗突破性念珠菌病(BTC)与非敏感性念珠菌以及死亡率增加相关。

2018年5月,发表在《J Infect》的全国性FUNGINOS研究分析了氟康唑治疗BTC的临床和真菌学特征。

研究者在567例连续念珠菌病患者中进行了一项为期3年的前瞻性研究。在FUNGINOS参考实验室中进行菌种鉴定和抗真菌药敏试验。根据STROBE标准分析数据。

研究结果显示,发生了43/576例BTC(8%),其中37/43例(86%)接受了氟康唑治疗(28例预防,中位200mg/天)。

21%BTC vs 23%非BTC发生严重脓毒血症/脓毒血症休克。总体死亡率为34% vs 32%。

BTC与胃肠道黏膜炎(多变量OR,5.25;95% CI,2.23~12.40;P<0.001)和移植物抗宿主病(6.25)、免疫抑制(2.42)和肠外营养(2.87)相关。58%BTC和35%的非BTC中分离出非白色念珠菌(P=0.005)。

氟康唑治疗10天后发生的16例BTC中,63%为非敏感性(光滑假丝酵母、克鲁斯氏念珠菌、挪威假丝酵母),而短期暴露后的21例BTC中有19%为非敏感性(光滑假丝酵母)(7.10;1.60~31.30;P=0.007)。

中位氟康唑MIC为4mg/L vs 0.25mg/L(P<0.001)。10天氟康唑暴露预测非敏感性BTC的准确性为73%。

作者认为,BTC和非BTC的结局相似。延长低剂量预防疗程后,3/4的病例发生氟康唑非敏感性BTC。这意味着短期氟康唑暴露后要重新评估BTC患者的预防治疗持续时间和进行快速降阶梯经验治疗。

原始出处:

Orasch C, Mertz D, Garbino J, et al. Fluconazole non-susceptible breakthrough candidemia after prolonged low-dose prophylaxis: a prospective FUNGINOS study. J Infect. 2018 May;76(5):489-495. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.018.

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