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氨磺必利在临床中的应用与不良反应

2022-07-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

氨磺必利,又名阿米舒必利,是第二代非典型抗精神病药物之一。

氨磺必利,又名阿米舒必利,是第二代非典型抗精神病药物之一,2011年才批准在我国上市。作一种新上市的“老药”,其可选择性拮抗多巴胺D2/D3受体,竞争性拮抗5-HT受体5-HT7a,这种独特的作用机制使其具有独一无二的治疗作用,即大剂量使用时可用于治疗阳性症状,小剂量使用时又能缓解阴性症状,发挥抗抑郁的作用。由于氨磺必利对其他的多巴胺亚型受体几无亲和力,对组胺、胆碱能受体、肾上腺素能α、5-HT受体也不具有亲和力,对纹状体的多巴胺受体阻断作用并不明显,因此在具有良好的疗效的同时,耐受性也很好。注意的是氨磺必利主要通过肾脏排泄,肾功能不全者应慎用或禁用;而在肝脏的代谢量很小,故可应用于肝功能损害的患者。

氨磺必利的临床应用

① 在治疗精神分裂症方面,研究显示氨磺必利具有与其他一线抗精神病药相近的疗效,而副作用更小,患者的耐受性更好,可作为一线抗精神病药。

② 在抗抑郁方面,氨磺必利可竞争性拮抗体内的5-HT7a受体,有效起到抗抑郁作用。若与抗抑郁药联用则起效更快,还可起到协同增效的作用。另外,对于双相障碍Ⅰ型的抑郁发作采取氨磺必利联合碳酸锂的方案比单用碳酸锂见效快,且没有明显的不良反应的发生。

③ 在治疗阿尔茨海默病精神行为症状方面,有研究发现氨磺必利的总有效率高于利培酮,且可明显减轻患者的行为紊乱、偏执妄想、幻觉等精神行为症状;氨磺必利可明显改善患者阳性症状、阴性症状和患者简易的智力状态,且药物导致的不良反应比利培酮要轻。

④ 在治疗酒精性精神障碍方面,氨磺必利同样具有安全可靠的疗效,并且治疗总有效率比使用丙戊酸镁缓释片要高。

⑤ 此外,氨磺必利在治疗躁狂症、强迫症、儿童孤独症、耐氯氮平的精神分裂症患者等方面均有肯定作用。

虽然氨磺必利被证实在多种精神疾病治疗方面有肯定的疗效,但使用时仍要注意药物的不良反应。例如,过敏反应,可见药物所致的皮疹,应立即停药,给予抗过敏疗法,通常可缓解。精神方面的不良反应,如焦虑、激越、失眠,发生率为5%~10% ;其次为嗜睡,发生率约为 2%。代谢和内分泌系统相关的不良反应,可能出现催乳素水平升高、体重增加或血症异常。氨磺必利引发锥体外系不良反应(如震颤、肌张力亢进、流涎、静坐不能)发生率约为15%,比其他第二代抗精神病药低,且呈剂量相关性(日剂量300mg以上)。心血管系统不良反应,氨磺必利可引起心动过缓、低血压、尖端扭转型室速,可导致心脏停搏、猝死或心室纤维性颤动等。高剂量氨磺必利还有可能诱发 Q-T 间期延长。

综合来看,氨磺必利相较于其他第二代抗精神病药物而言,其在改善精神分裂症伴随的抑郁症状、精神分裂症的阴性症状等方面有很大优势。且极少引起锥体外系反应,不良反应的发生率较少,临床耐受性较好,对患者更为有利,长期看来可使慢性精神分裂症患者的生活质量得到较好的改善。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840655, encodeId=9fd218406551b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9401204912f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#不良反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20491, encryptionId=9401204912f, topicName=不良反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Tue Jan 24 13:49:32 CST 2023, time=2023-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1235733, encodeId=7d421235e3340, content=讨厌的是泌乳素增高明显。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9f78173153, createdName=ms6000000670466485, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 09:08:32 CST 2022, time=2022-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1234769, encodeId=0c8c1234e69eb, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLnh4U8IT9DzJveib2vXUPkLzCQRenBBX1CkxngsicW7wtQn8y4zXo2CHeZ2PaB2ZCk0x3lCMgjhQ3w/132, createdBy=12e82357121, createdName=莫慧慧, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 08:00:35 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1234707, encodeId=7f551234e07da, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2eb98247466, createdName=ms8000000642387722, createdTime=Mon Jul 25 21:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-31 ms6000000670466485

    讨厌的是泌乳素增高明显。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840655, encodeId=9fd218406551b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9401204912f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#不良反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20491, encryptionId=9401204912f, topicName=不良反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Tue Jan 24 13:49:32 CST 2023, time=2023-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1235733, encodeId=7d421235e3340, content=讨厌的是泌乳素增高明显。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9f78173153, createdName=ms6000000670466485, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 09:08:32 CST 2022, time=2022-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1234769, encodeId=0c8c1234e69eb, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLnh4U8IT9DzJveib2vXUPkLzCQRenBBX1CkxngsicW7wtQn8y4zXo2CHeZ2PaB2ZCk0x3lCMgjhQ3w/132, createdBy=12e82357121, createdName=莫慧慧, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 08:00:35 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1234707, encodeId=7f551234e07da, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2eb98247466, createdName=ms8000000642387722, createdTime=Mon Jul 25 21:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-26 莫慧慧

    学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1840655, encodeId=9fd218406551b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9401204912f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#不良反应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20491, encryptionId=9401204912f, topicName=不良反应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e76f39, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Tue Jan 24 13:49:32 CST 2023, time=2023-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1235733, encodeId=7d421235e3340, content=讨厌的是泌乳素增高明显。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9f78173153, createdName=ms6000000670466485, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 09:08:32 CST 2022, time=2022-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1234769, encodeId=0c8c1234e69eb, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLnh4U8IT9DzJveib2vXUPkLzCQRenBBX1CkxngsicW7wtQn8y4zXo2CHeZ2PaB2ZCk0x3lCMgjhQ3w/132, createdBy=12e82357121, createdName=莫慧慧, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 08:00:35 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1234707, encodeId=7f551234e07da, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2eb98247466, createdName=ms8000000642387722, createdTime=Mon Jul 25 21:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-25 ms8000000642387722

    感谢

    0

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