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Nat Cell Biol:改造“腐化”免疫细胞为免疫系统攻击肿瘤发送信号

2016-06-17 佚名 生物谷

在癌症治疗过程中一个主要障碍在于肿瘤能够"策反"身体的免疫细胞,让它们为癌细胞干活。来自EPFL的研究人员最近发现了一种重新召回"腐化"免疫细胞的新方法,使其变为免疫系统攻击肿瘤的信号,甚至可以阻止癌症转移。   巨噬细胞是保护宿主防止病原体入侵的重要免疫细胞类型。但是在癌症病人体内,巨噬细胞能够被肿瘤"劫持",帮助维持肿瘤恶性生长和传播,这也是肿瘤免疫治疗所面临的一个重要问题。E

在癌症治疗过程中一个主要障碍在于肿瘤能够"策反"身体的免疫细胞,让它们为癌细胞干活。来自EPFL的研究人员最近发现了一种重新召回"腐化"免疫细胞的新方法,使其变为免疫系统攻击肿瘤的信号,甚至可以阻止癌症转移。
 
巨噬细胞是保护宿主防止病原体入侵的重要免疫细胞类型。但是在癌症病人体内,巨噬细胞能够被肿瘤"劫持",帮助维持肿瘤恶性生长和传播,这也是肿瘤免疫治疗所面临的一个重要问题。EPFL的科学家们发现了一种分子开关能够重新将被"劫持"的巨噬细胞变成刺激免疫系统攻击肿瘤阻止癌症传播的免疫卫士。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature Cell Biology上。
 
"背叛者"巨噬细胞
 
巨噬细胞除了能够攻击外来病原体,还可以帮助机体器官发育以及伤口愈合,它们的这些行为能够受到它们自身产生的microRNA调节。当肿瘤开始形成,巨噬细胞会试图阻止肿瘤生长,但是肿瘤细胞能够将其变为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞,它们会利用自身产生的microRNA保护肿瘤不受免疫系统攻击,从而维持肿瘤生长和转移。这种现象在多种肿瘤类型中都存在,经常导致病人出现不良预后。
 
重新改造巨噬细胞
 
研究人员通过对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞进行基因修饰,移除了它们产生microRNA的能力,经过改造这些巨噬细胞不再保护肿瘤而是向免疫系统发送信号标示肿瘤的存在,触发免疫系统对肿瘤的攻击。
 
研究人员利用生物信息学方法发现了导致巨噬细胞"腐化"的一类重要microRNA家族--Let-7,他们认为阻断Let-7 microRNA的作用或可帮助刺激抗肿瘤免疫的形成。
 
更加有趣的是研究人员发现重新改造之后的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞还能够阻止癌细胞离开原位肿瘤,这就意味着这种方法还可以阻断癌细胞转移。除此之外研究人员还证明改造后的巨噬细胞能够增强特定癌症免疫疗法的抗肿瘤效率,其中一些免疫治疗方法已经得到批准用于临床治疗。
 
虽然这项研究在肿瘤免疫治疗方面取得了巨大进展,但是仍然需要更多工作将这些发现进一步转化为实际的治疗方法,并且目前仍然没有特异性阻断肿瘤相关巨噬细胞Let-7 microRNA的方法。该研究团队目前已经着手设计靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内Let-7 microRNA的靶向药物。   
 
原始出处
 
Caroline Baer,Mario Leonardo Squadrito,Damya Laoui,Danielle Thompson,Sarah K. Hansen,Anna Kiialainen,Sabine Hoves,Carola H. Ries,Chia-Huey Ooi& Michele De Palma.Suppression of microRNA activity amplifies IFN-γ-induced macrophage activation and promotes anti-tumour immunity.Nat Cell Biol.2016
 

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    2017-03-05 sunylz
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    2016-07-24 维他命
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    2016-10-30 liye789132251
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917290, encodeId=4aeb191e290df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sun Mar 05 17:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767016, encodeId=0aac1e67016bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, createdName=12498ebem31暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Feb 10 12:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869425, encodeId=da30186942538, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 18:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959682, encodeId=937b195968217, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 00:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881121, encodeId=ed94188112145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 08:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90384, encodeId=a315903843b, content=好文章,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 18:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-18 沉心多思

    好文章,值得学习

    0

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