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EU :腹腔镜 VS 机器人 哪种方式进行根治性前列腺切除术更好?

2021-08-17 泌尿小王 MedSci原创

根治性前列腺切除术(RP)后尿失禁深深地影响患者生活质量。机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术(RARP)和腹腔镜RP (LRP)是常用的手术方式,研究显示它们对肿瘤治疗效果无差异,而前者对控尿更好。

根治性前列腺切除术(RP)后一过性或持续性尿失禁深深地影响患者生活质量。目前,机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术(RARP)由于其放大的视野和高精度,被认为可以提供最佳的肿瘤和功能结果腹腔镜RP (LRP)和RARP哪种方式对患者效果更好仍然缺乏相关研究。

 最近,《欧洲泌尿外科杂志》(EU)发表了一项研究结果显示:LRP与RAPR对肿瘤治疗效果没有差异,但是就术后三个月尿控而言,后者更好一些。

临床设计

手术人员要求

(1)所有外科医生均有RARP和LRP的经验,每一种类型的手术超过150例。

(2)因为大多数德国患者更喜欢在机器人的帮助下进行手术,参与者以3:1的比例被随机分配进行RARP或LRP

(3)在3个月的评估和初步研究结果的提取结束之前,患者对手术方法进行盲法。一旦患者被告知所进行的手术类型,在开放试验的背景下获得患者报告的6个月和12个月的结果。

纳入标准

排除标准

手术方式

(1)根据医生的选择,采用经腹膜或腹膜外入路,并根据D ‘Amico标准对所有中、高危患者进行盆腔淋巴结清扫(PLND)。

(2)所有淋巴结清扫均使用标准化的扩展PLND模板,上缘为髂总动脉。

注:术前神经保留是根据临床标准设计的,在手术过程中根据冰冻切片方案进行修改(有证据表明束侵犯后,在患侧进一步切除束)。根据外科医生的决定和局部术后协议,患者在取出引流管后出院。所有患者均接受盆底训练指导

 

随访安排

患者在入院时、术后1、3、6和12个月评估功能和肿瘤预后,同时在24和36个月收集长期肿瘤预后(前列腺特异性抗原)

 研究的主要指标

(1)拔除尿管后三个月尿失禁恢复情况。(24h内未使用尿垫则认为恢复正常)。

次要指标

(1)术后1,3, 6,12月进行以下的问卷评估

(2)失禁问卷简表咨询(ICIQ-SF)

(3)国际勃起功能指数(IIEF-5)

(3)欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量调查问卷(EORTC-QLQ)

(4)医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS-D)

(5)肿瘤结果定义为术后3、6、12、24和36个月的手术边缘阳性和生化复发。

 结果

总共纳入患者782 人

主要指标

(1)在随访3个月时,54%的RARP患者没有使用衬垫或安全衬垫,LRP患者的比例为46%

次要指标

(2)在双侧神经保留的患者中,机器人辅助的优势更为明显,66%的RARP患者处于稳定控尿状态,而50%的LRP患者处于稳定控尿状态

(3)绝大多数失禁患者报告每天都有少量尿漏,只有9.3%的RARP患者和15%的LRP患者报告中度至大量尿漏。

(4)根据ICIQ-SF,RARP和LRP对术后患者1个月 和3个月尿失禁的主观评价也有统计学差异

(5)EORTCPR-25评估的生活质量在机器人辅助下也得到了更好的保存

 

进一步分析的结果

(1)双侧神经保留患者的控尿比例差异更大(RARP: 66%, LRP:49%;p = 0.005)。

(2)年龄65岁和不保留神经手术不利于控尿:

(3)年龄65岁控尿的HR = 0.69 (0.54-0.86,p = 0.001);

(4)不保留神经控尿的HR = 0.56 (0.43-0.72, p <0.0001);

(5)单侧神经保护(vs双侧神经保护)HR = 0.66 (0.44 0.98),p = 0.038。

 ICIQ-SF评分也反映出,与LRP组患者相比,RARP组患者在3个月时的禁尿结果有改善

 

肿瘤治疗效果

RARP和LRP在早期肿瘤预后方面没有显著差异。

这两种技术都显示比较了阳性边缘的手术效果(19% for RARP and 14% for LRP; p = 0.19) 淋巴结浸润率(RARP为7.8%,LRP为4.8%;p = 0.38

 

性功能方面

(1)在术后3个月,分别有18%和6.7%的接受神经保留(双侧或单侧)RARP和LRP的患者报告勃起足以性交(p = 0.007)。

(2)LRP组的IIEF总和平均比RARP组的IIEF总和降低了1.54分(p = 0.026)。

(3)然而,EORC-PR25调查问卷显示,在3个月时,两种技术在性功能和性活动方面没有显著差异。

(4)保留双侧和单侧神经增强了勃起功能恢复,年龄与性功能恢复呈负相关(2.53)。然而,使用的各种工具对效力恢复的评估并不一致。

 

并发症

LRP组患者的并发症发生率较高,但是没有差异(Clavien-Dindo分级):RARP组87例(15%),LRP组41例(21%)发生任何级别的并发症(p = 0.097)。

结论

与腹腔镜入路相比,RARP术后3个月早期失禁恢复较好。年龄和术中神经保留技术进一步影响失禁恢复。在机器人辅助下勃起功能恢复也得到改善,但围手术期发病率和早期肿瘤预后无明显差异。

参考文献

Stolzenburg J-U, et al. Robotic-assisted Versus Laparoscopic Surgery: Outcomes from the First Multicentre, Randomised, Patient-blinded Controlled Trial in Radical Prostatectomy (LAP-01). Eur Urol (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2021.01.030

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    2021-08-19 xue8602
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    2021-08-19 jeanqiuqiu

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