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Lancet:研究报告耐阿奇霉素梅毒螺旋体亚种的出现和传播

2018-02-14 佚名 医纬达

雅司病是在至少 14 个热带地区国家儿童慢性毁容性溃疡的根本病因。WHO 新采用的雅司病根除策略使用单轮阿奇霉素集体治疗,然后进行靶向治疗方案,来自试点研究的数据表明雅司病短期内显著减少。我们评估了 WHO 雅司病根除策略的长期效果

雅司病是在至少 14 个热带地区国家儿童慢性毁容性溃疡的根本病因。WHO 新采用的雅司病根除策略使用单轮阿奇霉素集体治疗,然后进行靶向治疗方案,来自试点研究的数据表明雅司病短期内显著减少。新研究评估了 WHO 雅司病根除策略的长期效果

2013 年 4 月 15 日至 2016 年 10 月 24 日,研究者在雅司病流行的巴布亚新几内亚岛进行了一个纵向研究(Lihir;16092 人)。在初始研究中,对受试者随访 12 个月;在扩展随访研究中,每 6 个月进行 1 次临床、血清学和 PCR 检测,为期 42 个月。使用基因分型和旅行史来识别出重要的事件。使用梅毒螺旋体特异性 PCR 确认的活动性雅司病为主要终点指标。

阿奇霉素集体治疗(覆盖率 84%)后进行靶向治疗方案将活动性雅司病的患病率从 1.8% 减少到在 18 个月时的 0.1%(与基线的差异,–1.7%,95% CI,–1.9 至 –1.4;p<0.0001),但在 24 个月后感染开始重新出现,在 42 个月时显著增长到 0.4%(与 18 个月的差异,0.3%,95% CI 0.1 至 0.4;p<0.0001)。在基线后的每个时间点,在没有进行集体治疗的人中发现的雅司病或在未旅行的居民中作为新的感染发现的雅司病超过雅司病总社区负担的 70%。在第 36 个月和 42 个月时,5 例活动性雅司病病例,全部来自相同的村庄,证明在阿奇霉素治疗后临床失败,在 23S 核糖体 RNA 基因中 PCR 检测出的突变带来了对阿奇霉素的耐药性。高滴度潜伏性雅司病的患病率持续下降,在 24 个月至 42 个月之间,在 1-5 岁的无症状儿童中从 13.7% 下降至 <1.5%,雅司病菌株的遗传多样性从 0.139 降低至小于 0.046,这说明感染的传播减少。

实施 WHO 策略在长期并未消灭高流行性社区中的疾病,这是因为在集体治疗时有些人不在,而在他们中间雅司病重新激活;重复进行集体治疗对于消灭雅司病可能是有必要的。“据我们所知,这是一个村庄耐阿奇霉素的雅司螺旋体出现和蔓延的第一份报告。应加强社区监测,以发现任何可能的治疗失败和生物耐药性标志物。”

原始出处:

Oriol Mitjà, Charmie Godornes, Wendy Houinei, et.al. Re-emergence of yaws after single mass azithromycin treatment followed by targeted treatment: a longitudinal study. The Lancet 07 February 2018

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    2020-11-16 lovetcm

    #雅司病#,即#梅毒#,是在至少 14 个热带地区国家儿童慢性毁容性溃疡的根本病因,#阿奇霉素#有一定的作用

    0

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    2019-01-21 howi
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