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Diabetes:深挖2型糖尿病背后的机制

2018-11-13 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日,一项新研究推进了早期研究,该研究表明与胰岛素样生长因子结合的蛋白质水平降低,会使小鼠患2型糖尿病的风险加大。如果能在人体确认相同的作用,我们或许能更早地发现疾病,甚至能阻止疾病的发生。

近日,一项新研究推进了早期研究,该研究表明与胰岛素样生长因子结合的蛋白质水平降低,会使小鼠患2型糖尿病的风险加大。如果能在人体确认相同的作用,我们或许能更早地发现疾病,甚至能阻止疾病的发生。

德国波茨坦-雷布吕克人类营养研究所(DIfE)和德国糖尿病研究中心(DZD)的研究人员在他们早期对胰岛素样生长激素结合蛋白及其产生基因的研究基础上开展了一项全国范围的研究。他们的研究结果表明,对于某些患者来说,2型糖尿病的根源可能只是锁住了一个基因。

目前,我们将糖尿病分为1型和2型。1型糖尿病通常在生命早期被诊断,并且由于关键胰腺组织的破坏而导致胰岛素分泌减少;而2型糖尿病是一种进行性疾病,它通常发生在中年以后,是由各种饮食和生活方式因素导致的,还有遗传影响可能使许多人首先发展出对胰岛素的抵抗力。

目前将糖尿病分为这两种类型比较方便,但是科学家们才刚刚开始全面了解这种复杂的疾病,而且很有可能需要完全改写这种分类方法。近日发表在《Diabetes》上的这项研究表明了2型糖尿病背后复杂的病理学机制。

当葡萄糖水平出现问题时胰岛素是常见的怀疑因素。胰岛素是开启葡萄糖进入细胞并发挥其作用的关键。但是还有另一种激素能够帮助人体代谢糖,它被称为胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)。

各种类型的结合蛋白在血流中捕获IGF并介导其作用,不仅可以微调葡萄糖的摄取,还可以调节肝脏脂肪和糖原的产生。

在过去,这些化学“手铐”的产生与分布被认为与2型糖尿病的发展有关,因此IGF结合蛋白成为了研究人员的重要目标。特别是IGFBP-2这种特殊结合蛋白已经是正在进行的研究主题。血液中这种蛋白质水平较高的女性患2型糖尿病的风险会降低。

小鼠研究表明,低水平的IGFBP-2会使它们更易患脂肪肝,脂肪肝与2型糖尿病紧密相关。这意味着在疾病发生之前结合蛋白的水平很低。

有趣的是,研究人员发现证据表明结合蛋白的基因已经被表观遗传开关沉默,表观遗传开关相当于DNA的锁,它可能会因不同的原因启用,典型的是环境因素。

他们发现,肝脏中IGFBP-2基因是在小鼠生命早期被编辑的,使小鼠后来会患上2型糖尿病。

小鼠研究的结果已经很明确,但还需要在人体研究中找到确凿的证据。因此该研究团队使用作为之前德国健康研究一部分而收集的数据,该研究参与对象由35至65岁之间的个体组成。

研究人员从不到28,000人中,将300名患有2型糖尿病的参与者与300名相似对照进行了匹配,比较了他们体内的IGFBP-2水平。他们还分析了血液中蛋白质基因的表观遗传变化。

结果非常确定的显示,IGFBP-2水平较高与多种因素有关,如较低的BMI、较小的腰围、较低的脂肪肝指数以及较低的2型糖尿病风险。

但是对于患有2型糖尿病的参与者来说,糖尿病小鼠中发现的相同化学“锁”也更可能出现。这再次表明对许多人来说,糖尿病即使没有引起,也可能受到早年表观遗传变化的影响。

首席科学家Annette Schürmann说:“这项研究很好地例证了转化性研究的工作方式:取得一项临床发现,在实验中进行机械性的分析,并最终在大规模人群中进行验证。”

这样不仅可以帮助解释疾病背后的某些复杂性,还有助于找到更好地诊断方法,甚至是在疾病发生很早之前就进行预防

Schürmann:“未来,我们的发现或许能够帮助人们更早地识别2型糖尿病潜在风险因素,并通过预防措施来抵消该疾病的影响。”

全世界大约每11个成年人就有1人患有某种形式的糖尿病,其中90%属于2型糖尿病。这些数字在稳步上升。找到阻止发病人数继续上升的方法将会够拯救大量的生命。

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    2018-11-18 haige

    学习了。希望发现更多的触发因素

    0

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    2018-11-14 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2018-11-13 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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