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J Exp Med:SARS-CoV-2可感染神经细胞,并导致组织损伤

2021-01-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一个科学家小组最近一项研究提供了SARS-CoV-2可以直接感染中枢神经系统(CNS)中的细胞,并导致组织损伤的证据。

一个科学家小组最近一项研究提供了SARS-CoV-2可以直接感染中枢神经系统(CNS)中的细胞,并导致组织损伤的证据。

SARS-CoV-2通过与细胞表面血管紧张素转换酶II(ACE-2)受体结合而感染肺组织。一旦病毒与细胞结合,病毒就可以进入细胞,引起呼吸系统症状,如呼吸急促和干咳。

然而,最近的研究表明,这种病毒也可以感染中枢神经系统的细胞,并且可阻碍中枢神经系统的血液流动。这项研究于1月12日发表于《实验医学杂志(Journal of Experimental Medicine)》

这项研究可以解释为什么COVID-19患者会产生头晕、神志不清、中风和昏迷等神经系统症状。

研究小组使用了三种不同的大脑模型:人脑类器官、基因工程小鼠以及对已死亡的COVID-19患者进行尸检。

首先,利用人脑类器官,研究人员找到了人脑感染的明确证据,且发现感染伴随邻近神经元的代谢变化,但并没有证据显示产生了I型干扰素应答。他们还发现用抗体阻断ACE-2受体或给予COVID-19患者脑脊液可以预防神经元感染。

研究人员还观察到人脑类器官在特定的脑区积聚了SARS-CoV-2阳性细胞,这为病毒感染神经元并自我复制提供了证据。

电镜下人脑类器官中的SARS-CoV-2病毒

其次,研究人员利用过度表达人ACE-2的小鼠模型证明了SARS-CoV-2在体内可侵袭神经细胞。

研究人员在SARS-CoV-2病毒感染小鼠脑中检测到高水平的受感染神经细胞,且与血管的显著变化有关,这些变化可能会破坏大脑内的氧气流动。

最后,研究人员检查了三名死于严重COVID-19并发症的患者的大脑,这三明患者都有过呼吸衰竭,并被送入重症监护室的经历。

在受感染的大脑区域内,有组织损伤和细胞死亡的迹象,表现为缺血性梗死。

阳性病毒染色主要出现在梗死边缘周围

研究还发现,尽管SARS-CoV-2具有嗜神经特性,可以感染患者的神经元,但它并没有像其他嗜神经病毒那样引起典型免疫反应。

原始出处:Eric Song, Ce Zhang, Benjamin Israelow, et al. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. Journal of Experimental Medicine. January 12 2021

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    2021-02-13 hukaixun
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    2021-01-23 小刀医生
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