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Sci Transl Med:新型口服药可防未接种疫苗者感染麻疹

2014-04-21 新华 新华网

一个国际科研小组16日说,他们开发出一种新型口服药物,可以保护未接种疫苗的人群接触麻疹病毒后不会感染发病,并同时防止接触者把病毒进一步传染给他人。研究报告发表在近期出版的美国《科学转化医学》杂志上。 与流感一样,麻疹通过呼吸、咳嗽或打喷嚏等经空气传播。从接触麻疹病毒到出现皮疹、流鼻涕及发烧等麻疹症状,通常有一个为期两周的时间窗口,在这段时间内接种疫苗并不能保护人体不得麻疹。美国佐治亚州立大学和德

一个国际科研小组16日说,他们开发出一种新型口服药物,可以保护未接种疫苗的人群接触麻疹病毒后不会感染发病,并同时防止接触者把病毒进一步传染给他人。研究报告发表在近期出版的美国《科学转化医学》杂志上。

与流感一样,麻疹通过呼吸、咳嗽或打喷嚏等经空气传播。从接触麻疹病毒到出现皮疹、流鼻涕及发烧等麻疹症状,通常有一个为期两周的时间窗口,在这段时间内接种疫苗并不能保护人体不得麻疹。美国佐治亚州立大学和德国保罗·埃尔利希研究所等机构研究人员研发了一种口服药,专门设计成在这两周时间内能发挥作用。

研究人员说,这种药物被命名为ERDRP-0519,是一种小分子药物,可以抑制麻疹病毒的RNA(核糖核酸)多聚酶,从而防止病毒复制。这种药物具有生产成本低且易于储存等优点。

研究人员利用感染犬瘟热病毒的雪貂试验这种药物的安全性和有效性。犬瘟热病毒是一种与麻疹病毒极为类似的高传染性病毒。结果发现,所有被感染的雪貂用该药治疗后全都存活,没有表现出任何染病临床症状,并产生了对病毒的免疫力。

他们接下来计划在较大型的动物中测试这种药物的安全性和功效,之后再开展人体临床试验。

研究负责人之一、佐治亚州立大学理查德·克伦佩雷尔教授说,这种药物为可能接触麻疹但没有接种过疫苗的人群提供预防,如帮助那些疫苗接种覆盖相对较低的地区根除麻疹,不过“该药物只是作为消灭麻疹的又一件武器,而非用来替代疫苗接种”。

自2007年以来,全球每年报告麻疹死亡病例约15万例,这主要是因为麻疹具有高度传染性。另外,尽管麻疹疫苗有效,但覆盖率不够,发展中国家麻疹疫苗供应不足,发达国家虽然供应充足但人们对疫苗安全性有担忧。

原始出处

Krumm SA1, Yan D, Hovingh ES, Evers TJ, Enkirch T, Reddy GP, Sun A, Saindane MT, Arrendale RF, Painter G, Liotta DC, Natchus MG, von Messling V, Plemper RK.An orally available, small-molecule polymerase inhibitor shows efficacy against a lethal morbillivirus infection in a large animal model.Sci Transl Med. 2014 Apr 16;

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    2014-05-10 gdsun
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    2015-03-23 bsmagic9140
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    2014-04-23 zhaojie88
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